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Sodium citrate buffer, 0.1M, pH 4.0, is a commonly used buffer with main components are citric acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.1M, pH 4.0 is used in heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER) methods to reverse the loss of antigenicity that occurs with some epitopes in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.1M, pH 4.0 is the preferred solution for most antibodies [1]. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.1M, pH 4.0 is used in the hydration of liposome film .
Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 5.0, is a commonly used buffer with main components are citric acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 5.0 is used in heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER) methods to reverse the loss of antigenicity that occurs with some epitopes in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 5.0 is the preferred solution for most antibodies [1]. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 5.0 is used as solution for captisol in animal tumor models .
Ph-Ph+ is a hemiprotonic compound, which is produced from phenanthroline (ph) dimerization. Ph-Ph+ has antitumor, antibacterial and antifungal activities [1].
Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 5.5, is a commonly used buffer with main components are citric acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate. Sodium citrate buffer 0.5M pH 5.5 is used in heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER) methods to reverse the loss of antigenicity that occurs with some epitopes in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Sodium citrate buffer 0.5M pH 5.5 is the preferred solution for most antibodies. [1].
Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 6.5, is a commonly used buffer with main components are citric acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 6.5 is used in heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER) methods to reverse the loss of antigenicity that occurs with some epitopes in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 6.5 is the preferred solution for most antibodies [1].
Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 6.0, is a commonly used buffer with main components are citric acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 6.0 is used for RNA isolation and antigens detection in fixed tissue [1].
Tetrazine-Ph-PEG5-Ph-tetrazine is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-PEG5-Ph-tetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-PEG4-Ph-aldehyde is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-PEG4-Ph-aldehyde is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Ph-HTBA is a high-affinity, brain-penetrating modulator for CaMKIIα. Ph-HTBA has binding affinity for CaMKIIα with a Kd value of 757 nM. Ph-HTBA can be used for the research of ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders [1].
PH-002 is an inhibitor of apolipoprotein (apo) E4 intramolecular domain interaction in neuronal cells that could rescue impairments of mitochondrial motility and neurite outgrowth.
AZD-CO-C2-Ph-amido-Ph-azide is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. AZD-CO-C2-Ph-amido-Ph-azide is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
PH14 is a dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 20.3 nM and 24.5 nM for PI3Kα and HDAC3, respectively. PH14 has antiproliferative activity and also induces apoptosis in Jeko-1 cells. PH14 can be used in cancer research, such as lymphoma [1].
5-Ph-IAA-AM is an eggshell-permeable 5-Ph-IAA analog. 5-Ph-IAA-AM affords an enhanced protein degradation in laid embryos. 5-Ph-IAA-AM can be used to disclosure the roles of proteins in C. elegans, in particular those that are involved in embryogenesis and development, through temporally controlled protein degradation [1].
Tetrazine-Ph-acid is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
(aS)-PH-797804 is a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor with IC50 values for p38 α /β of 26 nM and 102 nM, respectively. (aS)-PH-797804 has anti-inflammatory activity [1] .
Carboxy-SNARF 1 (5/6-mixture) (SNARF 1) is a fluorescent probe that is sensitive to pH. Carboxy-SNARF 1 (5/6-mixture) can be used for measurement of intracellular pH[1].
Carboxy SNARF-1, acetoxymethyl ester (5/6-mixture) is a fluorescent probe that is sensitive to pH. Carboxy SNARF-1, acetoxymethyl ester (5/6-mixture) can be used for measurement of intracellular pH[1].
Tetrazine-Ph-NHS ester is an alkyl/ether-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Methyltetrazine-Ph-NHS ester is an alkyl/ether-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Methyltetrazine-Ph-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-OPSS is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-OPSS is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
PH-HG-005-5 (compound 16c) is a derivative of SN-38 (HY-13704) and can be used as Drug-Linker Conjugates for ADC. PH-HG-005-5 can conjugate to targeting peptides for ADCs synthesis [1].
Thymolphthalein is an electrochemically active dye due to the presence of thymol fragments. Thymolphthalein is a Phthalein dye used as an acid-base indicator. It is colourless in acid pH and is blue in basic pH[1].
5-Ph-IAA is a derivative of IAA. 5-Ph-IAA, a ligand, establishes the auxin-inducible degron 2 (AID2) system together with an OsTIR1 (F74G) mutant. AID2 induces rapid and efficient depletion of mAID-fused proteins to study protein function in living cells, causing tumor suppression [1].
Tetrazine-Ph-SS-amine is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-SS-amine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
TME-HYM (PH Probe) is a novel fluorescent probe based on acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) activation and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATPs, overexpressed on cancer cells), and can be selective uptaken. TME-HYM (PH Probe) can selectively lit up cancer cells and tumor tissues, offering dual tumor selectivity for precise visualization of tumor mass [1].
Thymol Blue sodium is an acid-base indicator used to indicate changes in pH. Thymol Blue sodium fades from red to yellow at pH1.2 to 2.8 and from yellow to blue at pH 8.0 to 9.6 [1].
Pip-alkyne-Ph-COOCH3 is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker can be used in the synthesis of PROTAC ARD-266 [1]. Pip-alkyne-Ph-COOCH3 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Methyltetrazine-Ph-PEG4-azide is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Methyltetrazine-Ph-PEG4-azide is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-PEG5-NHS ester is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-PEG5-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
N3-Ph-NHS ester is a noncleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). N3-Ph-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Ammonium chloride, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC (Salmiac, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC) can be used as a heteropolar compound to regulate pH value, which can cause intracellular alkalination and metabolic acidosis, thus affecting the activity of enzymes and affecting the process of biological systems. Ammonium chloride acts as an autophagy inhibitor.
Boc-Pip-alkyne-Ph-COOH is a PROTAC linker, which refers to the alkyl/ether composition. Boc-Pip-alkyne-Ph-COOH can be used in the synthesis of a series of PROTACs, such as ARD-266 (HY-133020). ARD-266 effectively induces degradation of androgen receptor (AR) protein in AR-positive LNCaP, VCaP, and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell lines with DC50 values of 0.2-1 nM [1]. Boc-Pip-alkyne-Ph-COOH is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG4-alkyne is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG4-alkyne is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
2-Aminopurine-O-Ph-NHCO-C3-COOH hydrochloride is the acid form in the previous step of the final product 2-Aminopurine-O-Ph-NHCO-C3-NHS ester (HY-143336) [1].
(S,R,S)-AHPC-O-Ph-PEG1-NH-Boc (VH032-O-Ph-PEG1-NH-Boc) is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate which is used for the EED-targeted PROTAC [1].
Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG3-alcohol is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG3-alcohol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-C3-NHS ester is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-C3-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
5(6)-Carboxynaphthofluorescein is a pH-dependent fluorophore. 5(6)-Carboxynaphthofluorescein shows good sensitivity in an alkaline pH range and it can be exploited in the construction of fiber-optic pH sensors. 5(6)-Carboxynaphthofluorescein can be used as a fluorescent pH indicator (Ex/Em=593/668 nm) [1].
Val-Cit-amide-Ph-Maytansine is an antibody and bispecific antigen-binding mol. that bind hepatocyte growth factor receptor c-Met (MET) or antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1].
(S,R,S)-AHPC-O-Ph-PEG1-NH2 (VH032-O-Ph-PEG1-NH2) is E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate and incorporates a VHL ligand for the E3 ubiquitin ligase, and a PROTAC linker. (S,R,S)-AHPC-O-Ph-PEG1-NH2 is used in PROTAC EED degrader-1 (HY-130614). PROTAC EED degrader-1 is a PROTAC targeting EED with a pKD of 9.02 [1].
Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG6-NH-Boc is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG6-NH-Boc is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG4-NH-Boc is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG4-NH-Boc is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Potassium phosphate monobasic), meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., NF, E340 is used as a buffer capacity reagent in molecular biology, biochemistry, and chromatography. For the preparation of biological buffers. It is also used to purify antibodies, and in combination with other sodium phosphates, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., NF, E340 [1].
PIPES (1,4-Piperazinediethanesulfonic acid) monosodium is a pH buffer that can be mixed with another disodium salt form of PIPES. By changing the ratio and total amount of the PIPES monosodium and disodium buffers, the pH and ionic strength of the medium can be changed [1].
Lenalidomide-propargyl-C2-amido-Ph-NH2 hydrochloride incorporates a cereblon (CRBN) ligand for the E3 ubiquitin ligase and a linker. Lenalidomide-propargyl-C2-amido-Ph-NH2 hydrochloride can be used to design the PROTAC MD-224 (HY-114312) [1]. Lenalidomide-propargyl-C2-amido-Ph-NH2 (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Sodium sulfate anhydrous, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP, an inorganic salt, is a biochemical reagent that can be used for life science related research.
Ald-Ph-PEG4-bis-PEG4-propargyl is a cleavable 8 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1]. Ald-Ph-PEG4-bis-PEG4-propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Sodium chloride, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP, ≤0.00002% Al, an inorganic salt, is a biochemical reagent that can be used for life science related research.
CypHer 5 is a pH-sensitive cyanine derivative and a environmental sensitive fluorophore. CypHer 5 has a pH-sensitive maximal absorption at 644 nm and emission at 664 nm. CypHer 5 has been used as a pH sensor of lysosomal compartments [1].
Ald-Ph-PEG4-bis-PEG3-methyltetrazine is a cleavable 7 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1]. Ald-Ph-PEG4-bis-PEG3-methyltetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
MOPSO is a biological zwitterionic buffer with the useful pH range from 6.2 to 7.6. MOPSO has been employed as a buffer component of charcoal yeast extract medium [1].
Ald-Ph-amido-C2-PEG3-azide is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Ald-Ph-amido-C2-PEG3-azide is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Phenol red (Phenolsulfonephthalein) sodium salt is a pH indicator dye, relying on a distinct color change from pink to yellow in case of a positive reaction [1] .
Acid Yellow 36 (Metanil Yellow) is an azo dye and a pH indicator. Acid Yellow 36 changes its color from red at pH1.2 to yellow at pH 2.3. Acid Yellow 36 is used in the leather, paper and textile industries. Acid Yellow 36 acts as a bifunctional inducer of specific isozymes of P-450 and cytosolic enzymes [1] .
alpha-Naphtholphthalein is an indicator that is light yellow at pH 6 and gradually shows a clear color change with increasing pH to light green-green-blue. alpha-Naphtholphthalein can be impregnated into cotton-blend fabrics and used to develop medical supplies for wound pH monitoring, such as medical gauze, hospital gowns and compression bandages [1].
Lys(CO-C3-p-I-Ph)-OMe is a pharmacokinetic modifier (PK modifier) that can improve the PK properties of PSMA ligand molecules (such as Ac-PSMA-trillium). Lys(CO-C3-p-I-Ph)-OMe can increase the residence time of Ac-PSMA-trillium in plasma by increasing its binding capacity to albumin. Lys(CO-C3-p-I-Ph)-OMe also reduces salivary gland absorption of Ac-PSMA-trillium, potentially extending its half-life. Ac-PSMA-trillium is a suitable PSMA-targeting compound that has different biological applications after modification with different radioactive isotopes. If labeled with 111In, it can be used as DOTA chelating agent and imaging agent. Or labeled with 225Ac as a Macropa chelator for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) in the study of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) [1] .
Bz-RS-iSer(3-Ph)-OMe (compound 2), a Taxol derivative, inhibits HSV replication cycle at low cytotoxicity, blocks mitotic divisions of Vero cells, influences M-MSV induced tumor size and affects immune response by inhibiting PHA-induced T lymphocyte proliferation [1].
Lys(CO-C3-p-I-Ph)-O-tBu is a pharmacokinetic modifier (PK modifier) that can improve the PK properties of PSMA ligand molecules. Lys(CO-C3-p-I-Ph)-O-tBu can increase the residence time of PSMA ligand in plasma by increasing its binding capacity to albumin. Lys(CO-C3-p-I-Ph)-O-tBu also reduces salivary gland absorption, possibly extending the half-life of the active compound. Ac-PSMA-trillium is a suitable PSMA-targeting compound that has different biological applications after modification with different radioactive isotopes. If labeled with 111In, it can be used as DOTA chelating agent and imaging agent. Or labeled with 225Ac as a Macropa chelator for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) in the study of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) [1] .
Ald-Ph-amido-PEG4-propargyl is a non-cleavable 4 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1]. Ald-Ph-amido-PEG4-propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Sodium sulfate anhydrous (Disodium sulfate), can be widely used as a desiccant, pH regulator, etc. in biochemical experiments. It is a reference standard grade of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), pharmaceutical primary standard.
Flubi-2 is a fluorescein-biotin based pH-ratio dye (Ex=480 nm, Em= 520-560 nm) with a pK value of 6.7. Flubi-2 is a hydrolysis product of Flubida-2 (non-fluorescent, membrane permeable). Flubi-2 can be used for pH determination of organelles of the secretory pathway (such as golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum) in living cells [1] .
Chromoionophore I (ETH 5294) is a hydrophobic pH indicator. Chromoionophore I is used as a transmissive or fluorescent probe molecule in many types of hydrophobic sensor membranes. Chromoionophore I is oil-soluble [1].
MitTx-alpha is a subunit of MitTx. MitTx is a potent, persistent, and selective agonist for acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). MitTx is highly selective for the ASIC1 subtype at neutralpH; under more acidic conditions (pH<6.5), MitTx massively potentiates (>100-fold) proton-evoked activation of ASIC2a channels [1].
Ald-Ph-PEG4-bis-PEG3-N3 is a cleavable 6 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1]. Ald-Ph-PEG4-bis-PEG3-N3 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Pyranine (HPTS; Solvent Green 7) is a pH-sensitive fluorescent indicator. Pyranine acts as a class of fluorescent chemosensor for the Cu + ion(λex=450 nm, λem=510 nm) [1] .
Alizarine Yellow R (Mordant orange 1), a salicylic acid derivative, is a azo dye. Alizarine Yellow R is mostly used as a pH indicator, as a biological stain in chemical examinations and also in dyeing industries [1].
DBCO-Cy3 (DBCO-Sulfo-Cy3) is the derivative of Cyanine3 fluorophore, a pH insensitive from pH (4-10) orange fluorescent dyewith excitation maximum 555 nm and emission maximum of 580nm. DBCO-Cy3 has fast reaction kinetics and good stability, and is productive to use in many standard fluorescent instrumentations. DBCO-Cy3 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Phenyl phenylcarbamate-CH-5-methoxypicolinamide-CH-CH-Ph-CF3 is a conjugate of E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand-Linker, which can be used to synthesize complete PROTACs molecules.
Nile blue chloride is a highly fluorescent and photostable organic dye. Nile blue chloride and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) can be used to construct a ratiometric pH sensitive probe for tracking the pH of the extracellular fluid between cancer cells in realtime. Nile Blue chloride has the potential for the research of nonlinear optics [1] .
THAM (Tris) is a biologically inert amino alcohol of low toxicity, which buffers carbon dioxide and acids in vitro and in vivo. THAM is an effective amine compound for pH control in the physiological range [1].
MOPS are commonly used as buffers in biology. MOPS buffer maintains the pH of mammalian cell culture media. MOPS and Tris buffer also have inhibitory effects on TfCut2 and LCC hydrolases, inhibiting the rate of hydrolyzing PET films. MOPS may also interfere with calcium binding, translocation, and utilization in vascular smooth muscle cells [1] .
Bromocresol green sodium is an anionic dye. Bromocresol green sodium can be used for pH indication and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. Bromocresol green sodium is also used in mammalian albumin measurement. Bromocresol green sodium deprotonates and produces the monoanionic form of yellow colour at lower pH (acidic condition), and produces dianionic blue colour at the basic condition [1].
Ammonium chloride United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard (Salmiac, Pharmaceutical primary standard, USP) is a reagent that can be used in cell culture to provide a source of nitrogen. Ammonium chloride can be used as a heteropolar compound to regulate pH value, which can cause intracellular alkalination and metabolic acidosis, thus affecting the activity of enzymes and affecting the process of biological systems. Ammonium chloride acts as an autophagy inhibitor.
Calcium alginate is a biopolymer that can be used for developing oral agent-delivery systems [1]. Calcium alginate is a pH sensitive hydrogel stable in acidic media and soluble in basic media .
HEPPSO is a zwitterionic buffer. The working pH range of HEPPSO buffer is 7.1-8.5. HEPPSO displays relatively high ability to bind copper(II), has a pKa of 7.84 at 2.0 mM buffer concentration [1] .
9-Amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine is a pH sensitive fluorescent probe. 9-Amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine has been frequently used to measure changes in vacuolar pH when a specific substrate crosses the tonoplast through a putative H +/solute antiport system [1].
Tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-Ph-CH2-(4-nitrophenyl)carbonate-Fmoc (Example 2.28.6) is an ADC linker that can be used to synthesize antibody-conjugated active molecules (ADCs) [1].
TAPSO is a common biological buffer, a pH stabilization reagent, with effective pH ranging from 7-8, and pKa values ranging from 7.5–9.0. TAPSO contains Tris groups and exhibits quite reactive activity with zwitterionic glycine peptides [1].
1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene is a cell-permeable fluorescent probe. 1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene crosses the cell membrane and is cleaved by cytosolic esterases to the fluorescent pH indicator 2,3-dicyano-hydroquinone (DCH). 1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene can be used to monitor intracellular pH[1].
HEPES sodium, a nonvolatile zwitterionic chemical buffering agent, is broadly applied in cell culture. HEPES sodium is effective at pH 6.8 to 8.2. HEPES sodium is also a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis [1] .
BODIPY R6G methyl ester (compound 5′-1) is a BODIPY-like fluorescent dye with good light stability and insensitive to pH value. BODIPY R6G methyl ester shows good photostability, high sensitivity and insensitive to pH value. BODIPY R6G methyl ester can be used in research areas such as photodynamic research, PH probes, ion recognition, photocatalysis, protein labeling, cell imaging, and proteomic analysis [1].
Malachite Green Carbinol base (MGOH, MGCB) is a derivative of Malachite green (MG) with not fluorescence. Malachite green carbinol base (MGOH, MGCB), as a pH regulation reagent，MGCB molecule could release OH - under UV light irradiation and generate a progressive shift in pH values. MGCB solution turns from colorless to deep green rapidly when exposed to a high-pressure UV lamp (500 W, 50 W/cm) [1] .
2-Amino-8-oxononanoic acid is an amino acid, incorporation into proteins in E.coli in genetic. 2-Amino-8-oxononanoic acid is efficient in labeling of proteins with different probes with a site-specific manner under a mild condition close to the physiological pH[1].
DOPE-mPEG, MW 2000 is a phospholipid polydisperse PEG (or DOPE liposome), can be used for preparation of targeted delivery of liposomal drug and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). DOPE-mPEG, MW 2000 significantly reduces the pH-sensitivity of the liposome in a concentration dependent manner [1] .
Irloxacin (Pirfloxacin) is a quinolone antibacterial agent. Irloxacin shows greater activity with an acid pH. Irloxacin has a good in vitro antimicrobial spectrum against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Orally active [1].
Pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium is a fluorescent dye and pH indicator, also as a ligand of multifunctional metal-organic framework. Pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium has been used to detect CO2 release [1] .
DIPSO is a biological zwitterionic buffer with the useful pH range from 7.0 to 8.2. DIPSO can interfere meiotic regulation in mouse oocytes. DIPSO also has surfactant activity at 10 mM [1] .
9-Aminoacridine, a fluorescent probe, acts as an indicator of pH for quantitative determination of transmembrane pH gradients (inside acidic). 9-Aminoacridine is an antimicrobial. 9-Aminoacridine exerts its antimicrobial activity by interacting with specific bacterial DNA and disrupting the proton motive force in K. pneumoniae. 9-Aminoacridine is a HIV-1 inhibitor and inhibits HIV LTR transcription highly dependent on the presence and location of the amino moiety. 9-Aminoacridine inhibits virus replication in HIV-1 infected cell lines. 9-Aminoacridine is used as a Rifampin (RIF; HY-B0272) adjuvant for the multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections [1] .
NP10679 is a selective, pH dependent GluN2B subunit-specific N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor with high oral bioavailability and good brain penetration. NP10679 inhibits GluN2B with IC50s of 23 and 142 nM at pH 6.9 and 7.6, respectively. NP10679 is a histamine H1 antagonist and a hERG channel inhibitor with IC50s of 73 and 620 nM, respectively. NP10679 is a reversible inhibitor of human liver CYP enzymes [1].
LysoTracker Yellow HCK 123 is a potent yellow membrane-permeable fluorescent probe. LysoTracker Yellow HCK 123 is a weakly basic amine that selectively accumulates in cellular compartments with low luminal pH. (λex=465 nm, λem=535 nm) [1].
Isaxonine acts as a modifier of the surface pH of the bilayer [1]. Isaxonine accelerates the rate of peripheral nerve regeneration, stimulate axonal sprouting and promote motor and sensory function recovery . Isaxonine is a neurotrophic agent .
Pomalidomide-PEG4-Ph-NH2 is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Pomalidomide based cereblon ligand and 4-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.
2-Amino-8-oxononanoic acid (hydrochloride) is the hydrochloride form of 2-Amino-8-oxononanoic acid. 2-Amino-8-oxononanoic acid is an amino acid, incorporation into proteins in E.coli in genetic. 2-Amino-8-oxononanoic acid is efficient in labeling of proteins with different probes with a site-specific manner under a mild condition close to the physiological pH[1].
PDMPO, a lysosome pH indicator, is an excellent fluorescent acidotropic reagent for fluorescence imaging. PDMPO is a potent tool with which to study acidic organelles of live cells. PDMPO exhibits pH-dependent dual-excitation and dual-emission spectral peaks. PDMPO produces a blue fluorescence in weakly acidic organelles and shifts to yellow in more acidic lysosomes (Abs=329 nm; Em=440 nm) [1].
Apramycin (EBL 1003) is an orally active, acidic pH tolerant and aminoglycoside-modifying-enzymes-tolerant aminoglycoside antibiotic which inhibits protein biosynthesis by targeting the bacterial ribosome. Apramycin is a potential anti-drug-resistance antibiotic [1] .
TCL1(10-24) is a encompassing the betaA strand of human TCL1. TCL1(10-24) is a Akt inhibitor. TCL1(10-24) interacts with the Akt PH domain prevented phosphoinositide binding and hence inhibits membrane translocation and activation of Akt. TCL1(10-24) inhibits cellular proliferation and anti-apoptosis. TCL1(10-24) has tumor growth in vivo [1].
Pantoprazole (BY10232) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI) [1]. Pantoprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H +/K +-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142) .
Pantoprazole sodium (BY10232 sodium) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI) [1]. Pantoprazole sodium, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H +/K +-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole sodium improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole sodium significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142) .
Pantoprazole sodium hydrate (BY10232 sodium hydrate) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI) [1]. Pantoprazole sodium hydrate, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H +/K +-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole sodium hydrate improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole sodium hydrate significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142) .
Fasedienol is a neurochemical stimulator of the vomeronasal organ (VON). Fasedienol alleviates the symptoms of PMS and anxiety (extracted from patent WO1998014194A1) [1].
α-Naphtholbenzein (p-Naphtolbenzein) is a dye. α-Naphtholbenzein can be used as a pH indicator. α-Naphtholbenzein has a visual transition from yellow (pH0-8.2) to turquoise (pH10). α-Naphtholbenzein is often used during sequential injection analysis technique done for acid-base titrations [1].
Bromophenol blue sodium is a pH indicator. It changes from yellow at pH 3.0 to blue at pH 4.6. Bromophenol blue sodium is also used as a tracking dye to monitor the process of agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [1] .
Bis-Tris is an amine buffer suitable for protein and nucleic acid systems with a pH buffer range of 5.8-7.2. Bis-Tris can also be mixed with HEPES and cacodylic acid buffer to create a pH 8 environment and monitor fluorescence emission intensity at 305 nm. Gels formulated with Bis-Tris also avoid protein degradation in samples prepared at higher pH (pH 8.5) [1] .
L-Glyceric acid is a mainly urinary metabolite accumulating in rare inherited metabolic disease L-glyceric aciduria. L-Glyceric acid can be used to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). L-Glyceric acid excretion to distinguish PH1 from PH2 [1] .
L-Glyceric acid sodium is a mainly urinary metabolite accumulating in rare inherited metabolic disease L-glyceric aciduria. L-Glyceric acid sodium can be used to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). L-Glyceric acid sodium excretion to distinguish PH1 from PH2 [1] .
DHPDS disodium salt is a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye. DHPDS disodium salt is used to measure intracellular pH (pHi) from the surface fluorescence of the isolated perfused rat liver [1].
BCECF is a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye. BCECF allows measurements in the physiological pH range 6.0–8.0. Excitation ratio: 490/440 nm; Emission intensity: 535 nm.
Bromophenol blue is an acid phthalein dye, and it is used as a tracking dye for electrophoresis. Bromophenol blue is also used as a pH indicator, with a transition range of pH 3 to 4.6 [1] .
Validamine competitively inhibits β-glucosidase in a pH-dependent and dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 2.92mM, and the maximum inhibitory ability is at the optimum pH value of this enzyme [1].
YX-2-107 is a PROTAC (IC50= 4.4 nM) that selectively degrades CDK6. YX-2-107 effectively inhibits RB phosphorylation and FOXM1 expression in vitro and inhibits the development of Ph+ ALL in rats. YX-2-107 can be used in the study of Ph chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) [1].
CQ-Lyso is a lysosome-targeting chromenoquinoline. CQ-Lyso is a fluorescent probe for measuring the pH of lysosomes in living cells using only single wavelength excitation. CQ-Lyso can visualize the dynamic pH changes in lysosomes [1].
Bromocresol green is a pH-sensitive triphenylmethane dye commonly used for the determination of protein and albumin in serum. Bromocresol green is a bio-based dye with a yellow-green to blue-green color. Bromocresol green turns yellow (λmax=435 nm, protonated form) when placed in acidic solution (e.g. pH=4.15), and turns blue in basic solution (λmax=615 nm, deprotonated form). Bromocresol green is widely used as a pH indicator in the field of biochemical analysis. In addition, Bromocresol green is also used to detect the concentration of molecules such as creatinine, and to judge the viability of cells [1] .
DM-PIT-1 is a PIP3/PH (phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate/Pleckstrin) interaction inhibitor [1]. DM-PIT-1 has the potential for the research of ovarian cancer [1].
Tropaeolin O is an acidic monoazo dye that undergoes a coupling reaction under pH=10.5 conditions to form a blue disazo dye. Tropaeolin O can be used for the determination of palladium(II), osmium(IV), albumin, and casein [1].
TFAX 568, SE is an orange fluorescent dye and exhibits pH-insensitivity over a very broad range (pH in the 4-10). TFAX 568, SE yields exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates with proteins or antibodies (such as goat anti-mouse IgG) [1].
4-(4-Nitrophenylazo)resorcinol is an azo purple dye used experimentally as a pH indicator, showing yellow when the pH value is lower than 11 and purple when the pH value is higher than 13. In slightly alkaline or alkaline environments, it also turns dark blue in the presence of magnesium salts. Azo Violet can also be used to test for the presence of ammonium ions. The color of the ammonium chloride or ammonium hydroxide solution will change depending on the concentration of azo violet used.
TFAX 594,SE is a red fluorescent dye and exhibits pH-insensitivity over a very broad range (pH in the 4-10). TFAX 594,SE yields exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates with proteins or antibodies (such as goat anti-mouse IgG) [1].
GMQ is a ASIC (acid-sensing ion) channel activator with an EC50 value of 1.83 mM for ASIC3 at pH 7.4. GMQ opens only ASIC3 but no other ASICs at pH 7.4. GMQ can be used for neurological disease research [1].
TFAX 488,TFP is a green fluorescent dye and exhibits pH-insensitivity over a very broad range (pH in the 4-10). TFAX 488,TFP yields exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates with proteins or antibodies (such as goat anti-mouse IgG, streptavidin) [1].
MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulphonic acid) sodium salt is a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. MES sodium salt is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 5.5-7.0. MES sodium salt is broadly used to regulate pH value for plants culture medium, reagent solution, and physiological experiments [1] .
MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulphonic acid) is a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. MES is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 5.5-7.0. MES is broadly used to regulate pH value for plants culture medium, reagent solution, and physiological experiments [1] .
MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulphonic acid) monohydrate is a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. MES monohydrate is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 5.5-7.0. MES monohydrate is broadly used to regulate pH value for plants culture medium, reagent solution, and physiological experiments [1] .
MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulphonic acid) potassium is a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. MES potassium is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 5.5-7.0. MES potassium is broadly used to regulate pH value for plants culture medium, reagent solution, and physiological experiments [1] .
Chlorophosphonazo III is a sensitive reagent for both calcium and magnesium. It is possible to determine calcium alone at pH 2.2 and calcium and magnesium at pH 7.0. Chlorophosphonazo III can also be used for the spectrophotometric determination of titanium, zirconium, thorium, and scandium, quinquevalent actinide elements, and protactinium [1].
MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulphonic acid) sodium is a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. MES sodium is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 5.5-7.0. MES sodium is broadly used to regulate pH value for plants culture medium, reagent solution, and physiological experiments [1] .
TFAX 488,SE dilithium is a green fluorescent dye and exhibits pH-insensitivity over a very broad range (pH in the 4-10). TFAX 488,SE dilithium yields exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates with proteins or antibodies (such as goat anti-mouse IgG, streptavidin) [1].
FFN270 hydrochloride, a fluorescent tracer of norepinephrine, is a fluorescent substrate of the norepinephrine and vesicular monoamine transporters. FFN270 hydrochloride exhibits two resolved absorption/excitation maxima depending on solvent pH (FFN270 ex: 320 nm or 365 nm, em: 475 nm) and can function as ratiometric fluorescent pH-sensors [1].
5(6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester (cDCFDASE) is a fluorescent probe. 5(6)-Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester can be used to evaluate the intracellular pH (pHin) of living cells at a medium pH (pHex) [1].
Enalkiren (A-64662) is a potent dipeptide renin inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.78 nM in a purified renal renin-angiotensinogen system (pH=6.0). Enalkiren suppresses renin activity, and also reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Enalkiren can be used to research essential hypertension [1] .
Cimlanod (BMS-986231) is a second-generation Nitroxyl (HNO) donor for heart failure. Cimlanod (BMS-986231) delivers HNO via pH-dependent chemical breakdown when exposed to the neutralpH environment of the bloodstream. Cimlanod (BMS-986231) possesses positive lusitropic and inotropic as well as vasodilatory effects [1] .
MMG-0358 is a potent IDO1 inhibitor. MMG-0358 shows IC50 values of 2 nM in a cellular assay on mIDO1, 80 nM in a cellular assay on hIDO1, 330 nM in an enzymatic assay on hIDO1 at pH 6.5, and 71 nM in an enzymatic assay on hIDO1 at pH 7.4 [1].
Cy5 Tetrazine is a water-soluble, pH-insensitive from pH 4 to pH 10, far-red-fluorescent probe with excitation ideally suited for the 633 nm or 647 nm laser lines. Its absorption and emission spactra are almost identical to those of Alexa Fluor 647, CF 647 Dye, or any other Cyanine5 based fluorescent dyes. Sulfo-Cy5-tetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (Epsom salts) is currently the anticonvulsant of choice for the prevention and control of eclamptic fits. Magnesium sulfate is also widely used as a tocolytic agent [1] .
NDBM is a probe and binds to tumor-specific Pim-1 kinase, releases strong fluorescence, and produces cytotoxicity, thus achieving cell screening and killing effects. NDBM can specifically target lysosomes and sensitively respond to pH. NDBM can be used to track the pH changes in the intracellular environment under conditions of autophagy and external stimulation [1].
DMNPE-4 AM-caged-calcium, photolabile analogues of EGTA, is an extremely effective Ca 2+ selective cage, with a Kd for Ca 2+ of 48 nM and 19 nM at pH 7.2 and pH 7.4, respectively. DMNPE-4 AM-caged-calcium has a lower affinity for Ca 2+ (Kd=~2 nM) after photolysis [1] .
alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase (Phα2,3SiaT) is a beta-galactoside. alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase (Phα2,3SiaT) catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid to carbohydrate groups of glycoproteins and glycolipids [1].
THAM hydrochloride (reagent grade), also known as Tris-HCl, is a buffer commonly used in various biochemical and molecular biology applications to maintain a stable pH environment. Tris-HCl has unique chemical properties that allow it to resist changes in pH when acidic or basic substances are added, which makes it useful for stabilizing biological samples or reagents. It is commonly used in electrophoresis and protein purification procedures.
MES-d13 is the deuterium labeled MES[1]. MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulphonic acid) is a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. MES is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 5.5-7.0. MES is broadly used to regulate pH value for plants culture medium, reagent solution, and physiological experiments[2][3].
Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 carboxylic acidCI Pigment violet 32 is a water-soluble, far-red emitting fluorophore. Due to its four sulfo groups, this dye has a negative charge at neutralpH and is very hydrophilic. As a cyanine dye, sulfo-Cyanine5.5 shows a very low dependence of fluorescence on pH and a very high extinction coefficient.
Neutral Red, a nitrogenous pH-indicator with a pKi of 6.8, is an indicator for the internal acidification of thylakoids. Neutral Red stains lysosomes red [1].
HEPBS is a zwitterionic buffering agent with a pH range (7.6-9.0) similar to that of biological systems. HEPBS can be used in the culture of cells [1].
(Rac)-1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-d72 is deuterium labeled (Rac)-1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes. 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-ph
Crovalimab (SKY59; RO7112689) is a novel humanized antibody against C5 in a pH-dependent manner with KDs of 15.2 nM and 16.8 μM at pH 7.4 and 5.8, respectively. Crovalimab binds human FcRn with great affinity (KD: 17 μM at pH 6.0). Crovalimab can block cleavage of C5 by the C5 convertase and inhibite the activity of a C5 variant (p.Arg885His). Crovalimab inhibits C5b-9 formation significantly in all three complement pathways, the classical pathway (CP), lectin pathway (LP), and alternative pathway (AP). Crovalimab has the potential for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and complement-mediated diseases research [1] .
Daprodustat (GSK1278863) is an orally active hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitor being developed for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease.
BES sodium is a secondary standard biochemical buffer with effective pH range of 6.4 to 7.8 (pKa: 7.15 at 20 ℃). BES sodium is used in the diagnostic testing area.
DOPE-CF is a pH-sensitive fluorescent membrane labelled probe with a fluorescein moiety that is a weak acid and a conjugated base that is highly fluorescent and can be attached to phospholipid ethanolamine lipids [1].
MAOS is a modified Trinder’s reagent that can be used as a chromogenic probe for the determination of H2O2. MAOS is strongly dependent on the pH of the reaction medium [1].
Sodium Tartrate is a pH-Regulating agent with antioxidant activity. Sodium Tartrate is particularly effective retarding hydrolysis while heating at high temperatures, resulting in increase of acid values (AVs) of vegetable oils [1].
Isohomovanillic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetic acid) is extracted from urine at pH 2 by ethyl acetate. Isohomovanillic acid is not found in appreciable values in many normal human urines [1].
Monascorubramine is a microbial colorant. Monascorubramine is capable of producing by the Monascus, which is from the bacteria Talaromyces. Under the condition of different pH value, the hue and chromaticity value of the colorant are also different [1].
Tris Buffered Saline is a common buffer reagent in molecular biology, consisting of Tris and NaCl. Tris Buffered Saline can adjust pH and ionic strength and is widely used in DNA/RNA extraction, PCR and protein electrophoresis. Tris Buffered Saline can purify and protect nucleic acid materials and improve reaction efficiency and concentration. In protein electrophoresis, Tris Buffered Saline stabilizes gels and maintains pH. Overall, Tris Buffered Saline offers versatility, good solubility, and low toxicity in molecular biology applications.
PHT-247 is an inhibitor of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Akt, and it is also an inhibitor of PDPK1 with Kis of 2.7 µM and 5.2 µM and for Akt and PDPK1, respectively.
5-TAMRA (5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine), SE and its conjugates yield bright, pH-insensitive orange-red fluorescence (approximate excitation/emission maxima ~546/579) with good photostability.
SCH00013 is a cardiotonic agent that primarily acts via an increase in myofibrillar Ca++ sensitivity, have a significant Ca(2+)sensitizing effect at pH 7.2 to 7.4.
Tris acetate; Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane acetate
Trometamol acetate (Tromethamine acetate) is a biologically inert amino alcohol of low toxicity, which buffers carbon dioxide and acids in vitro and in vivo. Trometamol acetate is an effective amine compound for pH control in the physiological range [1].
Pararosaniline hydrochloride is a pH-responsive basic dye, as a biological stain to track certain proteins. Pararosaniline hydrochloride has been used in the analysis of SO2 and formaldehyde and staining of bacteria or other organisms [1] .
7-Hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid, a pH-indicator dye, is covalently bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) at the positions of reactive amino groups (λmax=326 nm) [1].
3’-Acetate-ATP, an ATP analogue, is ATP acetylation product with an maxima uv absorption at 259 nm in water at neutralpH. 3’-Acetate-ATP exerts a blocking effect on nucleic acid polymerization [1].
Molidustat (BAY 85-3934) is a novel inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) with mean IC50 values of 480 nM for PHD1, 280 nM for PHD2, and 450 nM for PHD3.
5-TAMRA-SE is an amine-reactive fluorescent agent, its conjugates yield bright, pH-insensitive orange-red fluorescence (approximate excitation/emission maxima ~546/579) with good photostability.
SC79, a unique specific and BBB permeable Akt activator, activates Akt in the cytosol and inhibits Akt membrane translocation. SC79 specifically binds to the PH domain of Akt [1] .
Tris HCl; Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride
THAM hydrochloride (Tris HCl) is a biologically inert amino alcohol of low toxicity, which buffers carbon dioxide and acids in vitro and in vivo. THAM hydrochloride is an effective amine compound for pH control in the physiological range [1] .
Ammonium chloride, as a heteropolar compound with pH value regulation, can cause intracellular alkalization and metabolic acidosis thus effecting enzymatic activity and influencing the process of biological system. Ammonium chloride is an autophagy inhibitor [1] .
JS-K is a NO donor that reacts with glutathione to generate NO at physiological pH[1]. JS-K inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis, and disrupts the cell cycle of Jurkat T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells .
4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-Glucopyranoside, a β-D-glucoside, is a fluorogenic substrate for β-glucosidase, utilizes to assay β-glucosidase activity [1]. 4-Methylumbelliferyl β-D-Glucopyranoside releases the highly fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-MU), which has an emission maximum at 445-454 nm. The excitation maximum for 4-MU is pH-dependent: 330, 370, and 385 nm at pH 4.6, 7.4, and 10.4, respectively .
Lactate (Lactic acid) sodium is the product of glycogenolysis and glycolysis [1]. Lactate (Lactic acid) sodium is an organic salt that is mainly used as a buffer and pH adjuster for injection solutions. Lactate sodium can be metabolized by the body into sodium bicarbonate, which in turn acts to increase the pH of the blood. Lactate sodium is used to improve metabolic acidosis and hypovolemic states. In terms of pharmaceutical preparations, Lactate sodium is often used in combination with sodium chloride, glucose, etc. to form normal saline or compound liquid intravenous injection . Lactate sodium also has antimicrobial activity, which can be used as a food preservative .
Diethyl succinate (Diethyl Butanedioate) is used at physiological pH and crosses biological membranes, incorporates into cells in tissue culture and is metabolized by the TCA cycle. Diethyl succinate is known to be non-toxic and used in fragrances and flavoring [1].
HEPES, a nonvolatile zwitterionic chemical buffering agent, is broadly applied in cell culture. HEPES is effective at pH 6.8 to 8.2. HEPES is also a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis [1] .
Fmoc-Lys(5-FITC)-OH is a marker for polypeptides or proteins. FITC is a fluorescence probe for the labeling of amines. FITC is a pH- and Cu 2+-sensitive fluorescence dye [1] .
7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid, SE is a blue fluorophore that has pH-dependent and environment-sensitive fluorescence. It is widely used for preparing bioconjugates of blue fluorescence.
Chromoionophore XIII (SNARF-DE) is a pH senor that enables excitation with red light. Chromoionophore XIII functionality renders the indicator molecule lipophilic and water-insoluble but also prevents lactonization of the dye in an apolar environment [1].
Triperiden is an inhibitor of influenza virus multiplication. Triperiden targets the haemagglutinin of fowl plague virus (FPV) for antiviral activity and acts by inhibiting the conformational change in the haemagglutinin at acid pH. Triperiden is also anticholinergic anti-parkinsonism agent [1].
5-DTAF is a isomeric fluorescein derivative that directly react with polysaccharides and other alcohols in aqueous solution at pH ＞ 9. The maximum of the 5-DTAF emission profile is at a wavelength of 518 nm after excitation at 488 nm [1].
MOPS-d15 is the deuterium labeled MOPS[1]. MOPS is commonly used as a buffering agent in biology. MOPS buffer can maintain the pH of mammalian cell culture media[2][3].
N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP; N-Formyl-MLF) is a chemotactic peptide and a specific ligand of N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR). N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Ph is reported to inhibit TNF-alpha secretion.
cPrPMEDAP is an intermediate metabolite of GS-9219. cpr-PMEDAP functions as a proagent of the guanine nucleotide analog PMEG and has antiproliferative activity. cPrPMEDAP is negatively charged at physiologic pH and has poor permeability into the skin [1] .
Acetoacetyl coenzyme A sodium is a central endogenous metabolite. The Km at pH 7.5 for Acetoacetyl coenzyme A sodium is 1.10 mM. Acetoacetyl coenzyme A sodium can be used for the synthesis of phosphotransbutyrylase (PTB) and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) [1] .
Diridavumab is a monoclonal anti-HA stalk antibody. Diridavumab stabilizes the prefusion HA structure and prevents pH-dependent fusion of cellular and viral membranes in endosomes. Diridavumab can be used in research of H2 influenza virus [1].
Vadadustat (PG-1016548) is a titratable, oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH) inhibitor [1]. Vadadustat is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent and has the potential for anemia treatment in chronic kidney disease in vivo [1] .
FINO2 is a potent ferroptosis inducer. FINO2 inhibits GPX4 activity. FINO2 is a stable oxidant that oxidizes ferrous iron and stable at varying pH levels. FINO2 causes widespread lipid peroxidation [1].
BODIPY TMR-X alkyne, an orange-fluorescent dye, is an alkyne modified BODIPY TMR-X. BODIPY TMR-X alkyne can react with azides by the copper-catalyzed click reaction. BODIPY TMR-X alkyne is not sensitive to pH.
Deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II) is an endonuclease that hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bonds of deoxyribonucleotides in native and denatured DNA, producing 3' phosphate and 5'-hydroxyl termini. Deoxyribonuclease II works best at acidic pH and is commonly used in biochemical research [1].
Methyl β-D-glucopyranoside (Methyl β-D-glucoside) hemihydrate is a hemihydrate compound. Methyl β-D-glucopyranoside hemihydrate less reactive at higher PH. The formation of Methyl β-D-glucopyranoside hemihydrate is stereospecific [1] .
Bromophenol blue indicator (3.0-4.6) is a synthetic dye commonly used as an acid-base indicator with a transition range of pH 3.0-4.6. Bromophenol blue indicator (3.0-4.6) is water soluble and changes color from yellow to blue as the pH of the solution changes from acidic to basic. Its unique chemical properties make it an important ingredient in a variety of scientific applications, especially in biochemistry and molecular biology. In addition, it can be used as a stain in microbiology and histology. However, Bromophenol blue indicator (3.0-4.6) has potential irritating and staining properties.
LDH-IN-2, a salicylic acid derivative, is an inhibitor of glycolate oxidase (GO). LDH-IN-2 decreases oxalate output in hyperoxaluric hepatocytes. LDH-IN-2 can be used for research of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) [1].
Tricine is widely used as a buffer in protein electrophoresis, nucleic acid analysis, and immunology, which can help adjust pH and stabilize chemical reactions. In addition, the compound can also be used in research in certain medical fields, such as in antibody detection and drug screening.
Nedosiran (DCR-PHXC) is an RNA interference (RNAi) targeting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Nedosiran represents an impactful potential therapeutic for primary hyperoxaluria (PH) with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Nedosiran is a GalNAc-dsRNA conjugate [1] .
CL4H6 is a pH-sensitive cationic lipid. CL4H6 is the main component of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which can be used to target and deliver siRNA, and induces a potent gene-silencing response [1] .
Lumasiran sodium, an investigational RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic agent, reduces hepatic oxalate production by targeting glycolate oxidase. Lumasiran sodium reduces urinary oxalate excretion, the cause of progressive kidney failure in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) [1] .
Choline hydroxide is a Choline hydrogen oxidized derivative and a strong organic base, can be used as the standard alkaline to adjust the pH of the medium. Choline is an orally active nutrient, serves as an important component of lecithin and sphingomyelin, promotes fat metabolism [1] .
HSV-1 Protease substrate is a peptide substrate for HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1) protease, and the specificity constant (kcat/Km) at pH 7.5 for cleavage is 5.2 M -1 s -1[1].
Acridine Orange base is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye that stains organisms (bacteria, parasites, viruses, etc.) bright orange and, when used under appropriate conditions (pH=3.5, Ex=460 nm), distinguishes human cells in green for detection by fluorescence microscopy. Acridine Orange base fluoresces green when bound to dsDNA (Ex=488, Em=520-524) and red when bound to ssDNA (Ex=457, Em=630-644) or ssRNA (Ex=457, Em=630-644), also can be used in cell cycle assays [1] .
S0859 is a selective, high-affinity generic Na +/HCO3- transporter (NBC) inhibitor. S0859 reversibly inhibits NBC-mediated intracellular pH (pHi) recovery (Ki=1.7 μM, full inhibition at approximately 30 μM).
FPA-124, a cell-permeable copper complex, is a selective Akt inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.1 μM. FPA-124 interacts with both the pleckstrin homology (PH) and the kinase domains of Akt. FPA-124 induces apoptosis[1] .
HEPPS (EPPS) is a buffering agent with the useful pH range from 7.3 ~ 8.7. HEPPS reduces Aβ-aggregate-induced memory deficits and rescues cognitive deficits in mice. EPPS is orally active and penetrates the blood-brain barrier [1].
TAPS is a biological buffer, remain lysozyme native structure intact and prevents thermal denaturation against high temperatures. TAPS exhibits pKa value of 8.1, while the half-maximum values of connexin channel activity is 8.5 (pH) [1] .
Fmoc-Ala-Glu-Asn-Lys-NH2 is a selective asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) inhibitor peptide and suppresses amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage. AEP, a pH-controlled cysteine proteinase, is activated during ageing and mediates APP proteolytic processing [1].
Polyethylenimine (PEI) branched is a organic macromolecule with high cationic-charge-density potential. PEI can ensnare DNA as well as attach to cell membrane, PEI also retains a substantial buffering capacity at virtually any pH. PEI is widely used as transfection reagent [1].
o-Pah is a BODIPY derivative with an -NH2 and -OH substituted meso-Ph group. o-Pah exhibits metal-induced J-aggregation in the presence of Cu 2+ and a specific fluorescence enhancement for Hg 2+ (Ex/Em=483/(495-600) nM) [1].
TES-d15 is the deuterium labeled TES[1]. TES is a buffering agent (pKa=7.550 at 25°C). TES is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 6.8-8.2[2][3].
1-Dodecylimidazole (N-Dodecylimidazole) is a lysosomotropic detergent and a cytotoxic agent. 1-Dodecylimidazole causes cell death by its acid-dependent accumulation in lysosomes, disruption of the lysosomal membrane, and releaseof cysteine proteases into the cytoplasm. 1-Dodecylimidazole has hypocholesterolaemic activity and broad-spectrum antifungal activity [1] .
Larotaxel (dihydrate) (XRP9881 (dihydrate)), a new taxane compound prepared by partial synthesis from 10-deacetyl baccatin III, is active against tumors [1].
CL2A is a claevable complicated PEG8- and triazole-containing PABC-peptide-mc linker. CL2A is cleavable through pH sensitivity, giving rise to bystander effect, and binds the antibody at a cysteine residue via a disulfide bond. Labetuzumab govitecan used this linker [1].
HKOCl-4 (BXY2142) is a rhodol-based yellow fluorescent probe for the detection of hypochlorous acid with excellent sensitivity and selectivity [1]. HKOCl-4 has longer absorption wavelength and better pH stability compared with fluorescein-based probes. Ex: 530 nm; Em 557 nm.
Alkaline phosphatase, Bovine intestine (Apase) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at alkaline pH. Alkaline phosphatase can be used in molecular biology and enzyme-free analysis. Inhibition of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase can block intracellular lipid accumulation [1] .
BODIPY FL-X,SE is a fluorescent greendye for the labeling of amine, shows a high fluorescence quantum yield and is relatively insensitive to pH change. BODIPY FL-X,SE can be used as an alternative for FAM, Cy2 or FITC. λabs: 504 nm; λem:510 nm [1].
BODIPY FL-X is a green-fluorescent dye. BODIPY FL-X has the succinimidyl ester covalently coupled to proteins. BODIPY FL-X has high fluorescence quantum yield and is relatively insensitive to pH change. (λex=504 nm, λem=510 nm) [1] .
Thymolphthalein monophosphate disodium hydrate is a chromogenic substrate for the determination of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Thymolphthalein is released during the reaction, increases the pH of the medium for easy detection, produces color and stops hydrolysis. Thymolphthalein monophosphate disodium hydrate can be used for the specific detection of prostatic phosphatase in serum [1] .
3-(Cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic Acid-d17 is the deuterium labeled CAPS[1]. CAPS, cyclohexylaminopropane sulfonic acid, is a surfactant. CAPS can be used as biological buffer (0.05 M, pH 11) for dialysis[2][3].
Hydroxy naphthol blue disodium, an azo dye, is a metal indicator for calcium and a colorimetric reagent for alkaline earth metal ions ( λmax = 650 nm). In the pH range between 12 and 13, the solution of the indicator is reddish pink in the presence of calcium ion and to deep blue in the presence of disodium EDTA [1].
Dioctadecylamine (DODA) is a secondary amine that has been shown to self-organize in plate-like structures in aqueous solution. Dioctadecylamine exhibits sufficiently hydrophobic properties of nanoparticles and good dispersibility in nonpolar solvent. Dioctadecylamine does not form a monolayer above pH 3.9 [1] .
PPQ-102 (CFTR Inhibitor) is a reversible CFTR inhibitor that completely inhibits CFTR chloride currents (IC50 ~90 nM). PPQ-102 is not affected by membrane potential-dependent cell allocation or blocking efficiency (uncharged at physiological pH) and effectively prevents cyst enlargement in polycystic kidney disease [1].
PAA4 is a methide carbon-centered polynuclear Au(I) clusters. PAA4 shows antiproliferative activity. PAA4 increases the expression of pH2AX in a time dependent manner. PAA4 shows anti-tumor effect in orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model [1].
HEPES-d18 is the deuterium labeled HEPES[1]. HEPES, a nonvolatile zwitterionic chemical buffering agent, is broadly applied in cell culture. HEPES is effective at pH 6.8 to 8.2. HEPES is also a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis[2][3][4].
Bz-Ala-Arg is a dipeptide. Bz-Ala-Arg is also a spectrophotometric substrate (0.4 M pyridine formate, pH 4.25) of human pancreatic carboxypeptidase B and plasma carboxypeptidase N. Bz-Ala-Arg can be used to screen competitive inhibitors of these two enzymes [1].
8-Aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium is a water-soluble anionic fluorescent dye. The fluorescence intensity of 8-Aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium remains nearly constant over a pH range from 4 to 10 [1].
PAA5 is a methide carbon-centered polynuclear Au(I) cluster. PAA5 can release Au(I) causing Pro-oxidant response and accelerated ferroptosis. PAA5 increases the expression of pH2AX in a time-dependent manner. PAA5 has anticancer activity [1].
EGTA is a specific calcium ion chelator. EGTA has an apparent calcium dissociation constant (Kd) of 60.5 nM at physiological pH (7.4) and has very high specificity for Ca 2+ over Mg 2+ (Mg 2+ Kd1-10 mM). EGTA significantly inhibits the substrate adherence capacity of inflammatory macrophages [1] .
POPSO is a zwitterionic buffer, increases osmolality and shows marked inhibition of anion uniport. POPSO inhibits chloride uniport with an IC50 value of 24 mM. POPSO enhances copper uptake and toxicity in alga, impairs mitochondrial inner membrane. The working pH range of POPSO sesquisodium salt is 7.2-8.5 [1] .
BDP 581/591 maleimide is a linker of the BDP 581/591 dye. It has a long fluorescence lifetime and can be used for fluorescence polarization assays. The maleimide group can react with thiol groups to form thioester bonds between pH 6.5 to 7.5, for the labeling of sulfhydryl groups of proteins and peptides.
Glycolate oxidase-IN-1(compound 26), a salicylic acid derivative, is a glycolate oxidase (GO) inhibitor with an IC50 of 38.2 μM. Glycolate oxidase-IN-1 has the ability to reduce oxalate production in hyperoxalate hepatocytes and can be used in the study of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) [1].
Labetuzumab govitecan (IMMU 130) is an Anti-CEACAM5/SN-38antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Labetuzumab govitecan consists of the antibody Labetuzumab, SN-38, and a pH-sensitive Linker. Labetuzumab govitecan can be used for research of cancers, such as colorectal cancer [1] .
Diethyl succinate-d4 is the deuterium labeled Diethyl succinate[1]. Diethyl succinate (Diethyl Butanedioate) is used at physiological pH and crosses biological membranes, incorporates into cells in tissue culture and is metabolized by the TCA cycle. Diethyl succinate is known to be non-toxic and used in fragrances and flavoring[2].
Bragsin1 is a potent, selective and noncompetitive inhibitor of the ArfGEF BRAG2, inhibits Arf GTPase activation, with an IC50 of 3 μM. Bragsin1 binds to PH domain of BRAG2, and is a noncompetitive interfacial inhibitor. Bragsin1 has no effect on the Sec7 domain of human ArfGEFs. Anti-cancer activity [1].
Proteinase K (Protease K) is a nonspecific serine protease that is useful for general digestion of proteins. Proteinase K is active in the presence of SDS or urea and over a wide range of pH (4-12), salt concentrations, and temperatures. Proteinase K can be use for promoting methods of viral nucleic acid extraction, and detection [1] .
BRD2889 is an analog of the alkaloid piperlongumine. BRD2889 is a robust modulator of the GSTP1-ISCU axis in pulmonary hypertension (PH) [1]. BRD2889 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
PNE-Lyso is a activatable fluorescent probe. PNE-Lyso can be used to detect intracellular pH and hexosaminidases with two kinds of fluorescence signals. PNE-Lyso can be used to distinguish apoptosis from necrosis through visualizing lysosome morphology. PNE-Lyso is capable of investigating the agent-induced cell death process [1].
UC-781 (NSC 675186) is a highly potent and selective nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) of HIV-1 with an IC50 value of 5 nM. UC-781 is stable under low PH or various temperatures conditions. UC-781 has antiviral activity and resistance [1] .
Diethyl succinate- 13C4 is the 13C labeled Diethyl succinate[1]. Diethyl succinate (Diethyl Butanedioate) is used at physiological pH and crosses biological membranes, incorporates into cells in tissue culture and is metabolized by the TCA cycle. Diethyl succinate is known to be non-toxic and used in fragrances and flavoring[2].
Ammonium chloride, for molecular biology (Salmiac, for molecular biology) is ammonium chloride that can be used for molecular biology research. Ammonium chloride can be used as a heteropolar compound to regulate pH value, which can cause intracellular alkalination and metabolic acidosis, thus affecting the activity of enzymes and affecting the process of biological systems. Ammonium chloride acts as an autophagy inhibitor.
Urdamycin A (Compound 3b) is an angucycline antibiotic that can be isolated from Streptomyces fradiae. Urdamycin A is an orange indicator with a change of the color to ultramarine blue at pH 7.7. Urdamycin A has anticancer activity with IC50s of 2.4 and 0.55 μg/mL in proliferation and stem cell assays, respectively [1].
5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein (5(6)-FAM) is an amine-reactive pH-sensitive green fluorescent probe. 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein (5(6)-FAM) can be used to label proteins, peptides and nucleotides. 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein can be used for the detection of tumour areas in vivo [1] .
Bragsin2 is a potent, selective and noncompetitive nucleotide exchange factor BRAG2 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 3 μM. Bragsin2 binds at the interface between the PH domain of BRAG2 and the lipid bilayer, leads BRAG2 unable to activate lipidated Arf GTPase. Bragsin2 affects breast cancer stem cells [1].
HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture) is a O2 fluorescent probe for mitochondria-targeting (Ex/Em=509/534nm; green), exhibiting excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward O2 over a broad range of pH, strong oxidants, and abundant reductants found in cells [1].
HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture) hydrobromide is a O2 fluorescent probe for mitochondria-targeting (Ex/Em=509/534nm; green), exhibiting excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward O2 over a broad range of pH, strong oxidants, and abundant reductants found in cells [1].
EGTA tetrasodium is a specific calcium ion chelator. EGTA tetrasodium has an apparent calcium dissociation constant (Kd) of 60.5 nM at physiological pH (7.4) and has very high specificity for Ca 2+ over Mg 2+ (Mg 2+ Kd1-10 mM). EGTA tetrasodium significantly inhibits the substrate adherence capacity of inflammatory macrophages [1] .
Flubida-2 is a cell permeable dye which can be hydrolyzed to Fubi-2 by endoesterases in cells (after hydrolysis, Ex=492 nm, Em=517 nm). Flubida-2 can be used to detect pH at a specific site in a cell organelle by directing the probe to where avidin fusion proteins are located [1].
Sulfo-Cy5-Methyltetrazine is a click chemistry reagent containing a methyltetrazine group. Sulfo-Cy5-Methyltetrazine acts as a fluorophore linker for trans-cyclooctene-based labeling. Sulfo-Cy5-Methyltetrazine shows good stability at physiological pH and is also highly reactive towards cyclooctene.
Ziv-aflibercept is a soluble inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Ziv-aflibercept is an adaptive variant of Aflibercept (HY-108801), Ziv-aflibercept has a low PH value and high osmotic pressure when compared to Aflibercept. Ziv-aflibercept has potential applications in metastatic colorectal carcinoma and retinal diseases [1] .
Ammonium chloride, for cell culture (Salmiac, for cell culture) is a reagent that can be used in cell culture to provide a source of nitrogen. Ammonium chloride can be used as a heteropolar compound to regulate pH value, which can cause intracellular alkalination and metabolic acidosis, thus affecting the activity of enzymes and affecting the process of biological systems. Ammonium chloride acts as an autophagy inhibitor.
9-Aminoacridine-13C6 is the 13C-labeled 9-Aminoacridine(HY-B1422). 9-Aminoacridine, a fluorescent probe, acts as an indicator of pH for quantitative determination of transmembrane pH gradients (inside acidic). 9-Aminoacridine is an antimicrobial. 9-Aminoacridine exerts its antimicrobial activity by interacting with specific bacterial DNA and disrupting the proton motive force in K. pneumoniae. 9-Aminoacridine is a HIV-1 inhibitor and inhibits HIV LTR transcription highly dependent on the presence and location of the amino moiety. 9-Aminoacridine inhibits virus replication in HIV-1 infected cell lines. 9-Aminoacridine is used as a Rifampin (RIF; HY-B0272) adjuvant for the multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections [1] .
Lumasiran (ALN-G01), a siRNA product, reduces hepatic oxalate production by targeting glycolate oxidase. By silencing the gene encoding glycolate oxidase, Lumasiran depletes glycolate oxidase and thereby inhibits the synthesis of oxalate, which is the toxic metabolite that is directly associated with the clinical manifestations of Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) [1] .
AFMK, antioxidant metabolite of Melatonin, attenuates X-ray-induced oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids in mice. AFMK is a poorer scavenger. The pKa of AFMK at physiological pH is 8.7. Antioxidant capacity [1] . AFMK improves the anti-tumor effect of Gemcitabine in PANC-1 cells through the modulation of apoptotic pathway .
Naphthofluorescein inhibits the interaction between HIF-1 and Mint3.
Naphthofluorescein suppresses Mint3-dependent HIF-1 activity and glycolysis in cancer cells and macrophages without cytotoxicity in vitro and adverse effect in vivo [1]. Naphthofluorescein is also a fluorescent pH-sensitive probe that can be used for functional Cerenkov imaging .
YSK 05 is a pH-sensitive cationic lipid. YSK 05 improves the intracellular trafficking of non-viral vectors. YSK 05-MEND shows significantly good gene silencing activity and hemolytic activity. YSK 05 overcomes the suppression of endosomal escape by PEGylation. YSK 05 effectively enhances siRNA delivery both in vitro and in vivo[1].
Lalistat 2 is an inhibitor of many lipases especially Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL, IC50 = 152 nM), which is a key enzyme that degrades neutral lipids at an acidic pH in lysosomes. Lalistat 2 is commonly used to investigate the cell-specific functions of LAL and LAL deficiency in vitro, as well as specifically measure LAL activity in human blood samples or cells [1] .
A-784168 is a potent and orally active inhibitor of vanilloid receptor type 1(TRPV1). Vanilloid receptor type 1 (TRPV1) is a ligand-gated nonselective cation channel that is considered to be an important integrator of various pain stimuli such as endogenous lipids, capsaicin, heat, and low pH. A-784168 has good CNS penetration [1].
Sulfo-Cy3-Methyltetrazine (figure 7 compound 5) is a click chemistry reagent containing methyltetrazine and a water-soluble dye. Sulfo-Cy3-Methyltetrazine shows good stability at physiological pH. Sulfo-Cy3-Methyltetrazine can be coupled to trans-cyclooctene and is also highly reactive towards cyclooctene [1].
π-TRTX-Hm3a is a 37-amino acid peptide isolated from Togo starburst tarantula (Heteroscodra maculata) venom. π-TRTX-Hm3a pH-dependently inhibits acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) with an IC50 of 1-2 nM and potentiates ASIC1b with an EC50 of 46.5 nM [1].
MitTx is a complex formed by MitTx-α and MitTx-β. MitTx is an ASIC1 channel activator with EC50 values of 9.4 and 23 nM for ASIC1a and ASIC1b isoforms, respectively. MitTx is highly selective for ASIC1 isoforms at neutralpH. Under acidic conditions, MitTx greatly enhances proton-evoked ASIC2a channel activation [1].
BODIPY 540 (purity>98%) is a BODIPY dye.BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong UV absorption ability.Its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, its quantum yield is high, and it is relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH value of the environment.BODIPY 540 (purity>98%) has a purity higher than 98% and is suitable for cell experiments [1].
Vonoprazan Fumarate (TAK-438), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is a potent and orally active potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), with antisecretory activity. Vonoprazan Fumarate inhibits H +,K +-ATPase activity in porcine gastric microsomes with an IC50 of 19 nM at pH 6.5. Vonoprazan Fumarate is developed for the research of acid-related diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease [1] .
Fast Green FCF is a sea green triarylmethane food dye, with absorption maximum ranging from 622 to 626 nm. Fast Green FCF is widely used as a staining agent like quantitative stain for histones at alkaline pH after acid extraction of DNA, and as a protein stain in electrophoresis. Fast Green FCF is carcinogenic and acts as a presynaptic locus by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters in the nervous system [1].
PHT-7.3 is a selective inhibitor of connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1(Cnk1) pleckstrin homology (PH) domain (Kd=4.7 μM). PHT-7.3 inhibits mut-KRas, but not wild-type KRas cancer cell and tumor growth and signaling. PHT-7.3 has antitumor activity [1].
Bafetinib is an orally active Lyn/Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Bafetinib enhances the activity of several pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology (BH) 3-pure proteins (Bim, Bad, Bmf, and Bik) through intrinsic apoptotic pathways regulated by the Bcl-2 family, and induces apoptosis of Ph+ leukemia cells. Bafetinib has antitumor activity [1] .
Nigericin is an antibiotic derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that act as a K +/H + ionophore, promoting K +/H + exchange across mitochondrial membranes. Nigericin shows promising anti-cancer activities through decreasing intracellular pH (pHi), and inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signals. Nigericin induces pyroptosis through caspase 1/GSDMD in TNBC [1] .
Copper Fluor-4 (CF4) is a Cu +-specific fluorescent probe based on a rhodol dye scaffold. Copper Fluor-4 has high copper selectivity, particularly over zinc and iron, as well as abundant cellular alkali and alkaline earth metals. Copper Fluor-4 is stable in a physiologically relevant pH regime between 6 and 8 (Ex: 488 nm) [1].
S-Thanatin is an insect antimicrobial peptide with potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. S-Thanatin can inhibit the activity of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi, without cytotoxicity. The antibacterial activity of S-Thanatin is not affected by PH value, but monovalent cations (Na +/K +) can reduce its antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria in a dose-dependent manner [1].
V116517 is a potent, orally active transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) antagonist. V116517 shows potent activity in inhibiting both capsaicin (CAP)- and acid (pH 5)-induced currents in rat DRG neurons expressing native TRPV (IC50=423.2 nM for CAP; IC50=180.3 nM for acid). V116517 can be used for the research of pain [1].
API-1, a potent Akt/PKB inhibitor, binds to the PH domain and inhibits Akt membrane translocation. API-1 efficiently reduces the phosphorylation levels of Akt with an IC50 of ∼0.8 μM. API-1 is selective for PKB and does not inhibit the activation of PKC, and PKA. API-1 also induces apoptosis by synergizing with TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) [1] .
Vonoprazan hydrochloride, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is a potent and orally active potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), with antisecretory activity. Vonoprazan hydrochloride inhibits H +,K +-ATPase activity in porcine gastric microsomes with an IC50 of 19 nM at pH 6.5. Vonoprazan hydrochloride is developed for the research of acid-related diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. Vonoprazan hydrochloride can be used for eradication of Helicobacter pylori[1] .
Laninamivir (R 125489) is a potent influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.90 nM, 1.83 nM and 3.12 nM for avian H12N5 NA (N5), pH1N1 N1 NA (p09N1) and A/RI/5+/1957 H2N2 N2 (p57N2), respectively [1].
Hoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33342 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 34580 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst S 769121 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
HOE-S 785026 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
HOE 32021 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
meta-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33258 analog is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
ortho-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33342 analog is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
HOE 32020 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
para-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33342 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Vonoprazan (TAK-438 free base), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is a potent and orally active potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), with antisecretory activity. Vonoprazan inhibits H +,K +-ATPase activity in porcine gastric microsomes with an IC50 of 19 nM at pH 6.5. Vonoprazan is developed for the research of acid-related diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. Vonoprazan can be used for eradication of Helicobacter pylori[1] .
HOE-S 785026 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 34580 tetrahydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33258 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Amustaline (S-303) dihydrochloride, a nucleic acid-targeted alkylator, is an efficient pathogen inactivation agent for blood components containing red blood cells. Amustaline dihydrochloride has three components: an acridine anchor (an intercalator that targets nucleic acids non-covalently), an effector (a bis-alkylator group that reacts with nucleophiles), and a linker (a small flexible carbon chain containing a labile ester bond that hydrolyzes at neutralpH to yield non-reactive breakdown products) [1] .
HOE 33187 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Pantoprazole-d6 is deuterium labeled Pantoprazole. Pantoprazole (BY10232) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI)[1]. Pantoprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142)[3][4].
Pantoprazole-d3 is deuterium labeled Pantoprazole. Pantoprazole (BY10232) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI)[1]. Pantoprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142)[3][4].
TAT-HA2 Fusion Peptide is a peptide-based delivery agent that combines the pH-sensitive HA2 fusion peptide from Influenza and the cell-penetrating peptide TAT from HIV. TAT-HA2 Fusion Peptide induces the cellular uptake of macromolecules into endosomes via the TAT moiety and to respond to the acidifying lumen of endosomes to cause membrane leakage and release of macromolecules into cells via the HA2 moiety [1].
Hoechst 33258 analog 2 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33258 analog 3 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33258 analog 5 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33342 analog 2 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33258 analog 6 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
DMOG (Dimethyloxallyl Glycine) is a cell permeable and competitive inhibitor of HIF-PH, which results in HIF-1α stabilisation and accmulation in vitro and in vivo [1]. DMOG is an α-ketoglutarate analogue and inhibits α-KG-dependent hydroxylases. DMOG acts as a pro-angiogenic agent and plays a protective role in experimental model of colitis and diarrhoea via HIF-1 related signal . DMOG induces cell autophagy .
Hoechst 33342 analog 2 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
MAC glucuronide phenol-linked SN-38 is a pH-susceptible lactone MAC glucuronide phenol-linked SN-38 (DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor) agent linker. MAC glucuronide phenol-linked SN-38 is cytotoxic across L540cy cells and Ramos cells with IC50 values of 113 and 67 ng/mL, respectively.Albumin-coupled MAC glucosidol-linked SN-38 shows good stability in mouse plasma [1] .
AMC-GlcNAc (compound 1) is a potent fluorogenic probe for detection and characterization of β-hexosaminidase enzyme activity. AMC-GlcNAc enables continuous monitoring by turn-on fluorescence and fluorescence signal is constant over a wide pH range (Ex=325 nm, Em=390 nm). AMC-GlcNAc enables ratiometric fluorescence detection with high sensitivity and low background, which can be used to screen for recombinant dispersin B activity in E. coli cell lysate [1].
K11 is an antimicrobial peptide. K11 is active against MDR/XDR K. pneumoniae isolates (MIC: 8-512 μg/mL), and inhibits bacterial biofilm formation. K11 can act synergistically with antibiotics (Chloramphenicol (HY-B0239), Meropenem (HY-13678), Rifampicin (HY-B0272), etc.) against drug-resistant K. pneumoniae. K11 has high thermal and wide pH stability [1].
Pantoprazole (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pantoprazole (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pantoprazole sodium (BY10232 sodium) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI) [1]. Pantoprazole sodium, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H +/K +-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole sodium improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole sodium significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142) .
Hoechst 33342 analog trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1]. Storage: Keep away from light.
BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions [1]. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells .
Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate is a highly water-soluble salt which is often used as a fertilizer, food additive and buffering agent. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate can be used as an excipient, such as pH regulator, buffer. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs [1] .
MC-GGFG-AM-(10NH2-11F-Camptothecin) is an antibody drug conjugates (ADC). MC-GGFG-AM-(10NH2-11F-Camptothecin) binds to the anti-TROp-2 antibody sacituzumab via a hydrolysable pH-sensitive linker and has anti-tumor activity. MC-GGFG-AM-(10NH2-11F-Camptothecin) can be used for cancer research [1].
BI-9627 is potent sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 1(NHE1) inhibitor, with IC50s of 6 and 31 nM in intracellular pH recovery (pHi) and human platelet swelling assays, respectively. BI-9627 displays >30-fold selectivity against NHE2 and with no measurable inhibitory activity against the NHE3 isoform. BI-9627 shows low DDI (agent-agent interaction) potential, excellent pharmacokinetics in rat and dog, and remarkably potent activity in the isolated heart model of ischemia-reperfusion injury [1].
BI-9627 hydrochloride is potent sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) inhibitor, with IC50s of 6 and 31 nM in intracellular pH recovery (pHi) and human platelet swelling assays, respectively. BI-9627 hydrochloride displays >30-fold selectivity against NHE2 and with no measurable inhibitory activity against the NHE3 isoform. BI-9627 hydrochloride shows low DDI (agent-agent interaction) potential, excellent pharmacokinetics in rat and dog, and remarkably potent activity in the isolated heart model of ischemia-reperfusion injury [1].
Disodium terephthalate belongs to the class of organic salts. It is commonly used as a catalyst or intermediate in the production of a variety of industrial and consumer products, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, polyester fibers and films. Disodium terephthalate has excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance and mechanical properties, making it ideal for high performance applications. Additionally, it is non-toxic, non-flammable and environmentally friendly, making it an attractive alternative to other petroleum-based chemicals. In the food and pharmaceutical industries, Disodium terephthalate is used as a pH regulator and buffer. It is generally considered safe for use in food and pharmaceutical applications by regulatory agencies such as the FDA.
Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate is a corrosion inhibitor for iron in 0.1 M NaClO4, in both aerated and deaerated solutions. Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate can be used as an excipient, such as pH regulator, buffer. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs [1] .
5-(N,N-Hexamethylene)-amiloride (Hexamethylene amiloride) derives from an amiloride and is a potent Na +/H + exchanger inhibitor, which decreases the intracellular pH (pHi) and induces apoptosis in leukemic cells. 5-(N,N-Hexamethylene)-amiloride (Hexamethylene amiloride) is also an inhibitor of the HIV-1 Vpu virus ion channel and inhibits mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) replication and human coronavirus 229E (HCoV229E) replication in cultured L929 cells with EC50s of 3.91 μM and 1.34 μM, respectively [1] .
Mollugin is an orally active and potent NF-κB inhibitor. Mollugin induces S-phase arrest of HepG2 cells, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mollugin induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as well as an increase in the expression of p-H2AX. Mollugin shows anti-cancer effect by inhibiting TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Mollugin enhances the osteogenic action of BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) via the p38-Smad signaling pathway [1] .
NDSB-201 consists of a pyridine group attached to a propane chain, which in turn is attached to a sulfonate group. This compound is commonly used as a buffer in biochemical and biological research, especially in electrophoretic applications. It maintains a stable pH in aqueous solutions and has low UV absorption, making it suitable for use in the UV spectrum. Furthermore, due to its ability to form stable complexes with DNA and other biomolecules, 3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate has been investigated for its potential in drug delivery and genetic research.
HM Janelia Fluor® 526, SE (HM-JF526 NHS) is a derivative of hydroxymethyl JF526 (HM-JF526). SMLM (single-molecule localization microscopy) imaging in standard phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) revealed that the HM-JF526 label showed spontaneous blinking behavior throughout the imaging session and did not require short-wavelength activation light [1]. Janelia Fluor® products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
BODIPY505/515 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells [1]. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 505/515 nm [1].
BODIPYFL C12 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells [1]. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 480/508 nm [1].
BODIPY493/503 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells [1]. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 493/503 nm [1].
BODIPY 558/568 C12 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells [1]. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 558/568 nm [1].
BODIPY493/503 methyl bromide is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells [1]. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 493/503 nm [1].
BODIPY 500/510 C1, C12 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells [1]. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 500/510 nm [1]. Protect from light, stored at -20℃.
Guar gum is a versatile polymer for drug delivery applications. Guar gum diaplays thickening, emulsifying, binding and gelling properties, quick solubility in cold water, wide pH stability, film forming ability and biodegradability, it finds applications in large number of industries. Guar gum can be isolated from the powdered endosperm of the seeds of the Cyamopsis tetragonolobus. Guar gum can be used as an excipient, such as thickener, suspending agent. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs [1] .
Vamotinib (PF-114) is a potent, selective and orally active tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Vamotinib inhibits the autophosphorylation of BCR/ABL and BCR/ABL-T315I. Vamotinib induces apoptosis. Vamotinib shows anti-proliferative and anti-tumor activity. Vamotinib has the potential for the research of resistant philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemia. Vamotinib inhibits ABL series kinases with IC50s of 0.49 nM (ABL), 0.78 nM (ABL T315I), 9.5 nM (ABL E255K), 2.0 nM (ABL F317I), 7.4 nM (ABL G250E), 1.0 nM (ABL H396P), 2.8 nM (ABL M351T), 12 nM (ABL Q252H), and 4.1 nM (ABL Y253F), respectively [1] . Vamotinib is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
FG 488 DHPE is a lipid-coupled fluorochrome, has be used as a fluorophore Oregon Green 488. FG 488 DHPE monitors acidification of lipid vesicles with λex/λem=508/534 nm.FG 488 DHPE is also used for Hv1-induced proton translocation quantificatio with λex/λem=508/534 nm as well [1] .
Macrocycles are promising scaffolds for the design of novel RNA targeting molecules. This collection of macrocycles for RNA consists of very diverse, drug-like molecules which incorporate certain known RNA-recognition elements (e.g. nucleobase ring systems and analogs) distributed within macrocyclic rings or peripheral fragments. As macrocyclic molecules tend to be larger than traditional screening molecules, it is vital to carefully assess and control their physicochemical properties. All macrocycles have been tested for aqueous and DMSO solubility with cutoffs applied at 10 mM in DMSO and 50 µM in PBS (pH 7.4); PAMPA permeability has also been tested for representative set of macrocycles.
ASINEX has elaborated a library of diverse macrocycles using an effective tool box of synthetic methods. The resulting scaffolds are novel, tremendously diverse, medchem-relevant, macrocyclic frameworks.
Macrocyles tend to be larger than traditional screening molecules which make them perfect discovery tools for targets with shallow or extended binding sites. At the same time, their unique character based on restricted flexibility and ability to form intra-molecular hydrogen bonds allows for design approaches effectively optimizing properties such asaqueous solubility and membrane permeability. Many of these macrocycles have been tested for aqueous and DMSO solubility with cut-offs applied at 10 mM in DMSO and 50 µM in PBS (pH 7.4) followed by PAMPA permeability assay.
Carboxy-SNARF 1 (5/6-mixture) (SNARF 1) is a fluorescent probe that is sensitive to pH. Carboxy-SNARF 1 (5/6-mixture) can be used for measurement of intracellular pH[1].
Thymol Blue sodium is an acid-base indicator used to indicate changes in pH. Thymol Blue sodium fades from red to yellow at pH1.2 to 2.8 and from yellow to blue at pH 8.0 to 9.6 [1]. Storage: protect from light.
Carboxy SNARF-1, acetoxymethyl ester (5/6-mixture) is a fluorescent probe that is sensitive to pH. Carboxy SNARF-1, acetoxymethyl ester (5/6-mixture) can be used for measurement of intracellular pH[1].
Thymol Blue sodium is an acid-base indicator used to indicate changes in pH. Thymol Blue sodium fades from red to yellow at pH1.2 to 2.8 and from yellow to blue at pH 8.0 to 9.6 [1].
CypHer 5 is a pH-sensitive cyanine derivative and a environmental sensitive fluorophore. CypHer 5 has a pH-sensitive maximal absorption at 644 nm and emission at 664 nm. CypHer 5 has been used as a pH sensor of lysosomal compartments [1].
Phenol red (Phenolsulfonephthalein) sodium salt is a pH indicator dye, relying on a distinct color change from pink to yellow in case of a positive reaction [1] .
Acid Yellow 36 (Metanil Yellow) is an azo dye and a pH indicator. Acid Yellow 36 changes its color from red at pH1.2 to yellow at pH 2.3. Acid Yellow 36 is used in the leather, paper and textile industries. Acid Yellow 36 acts as a bifunctional inducer of specific isozymes of P-450 and cytosolic enzymes [1] .
Flubi-2 is a fluorescein-biotin based pH-ratio dye (Ex=480 nm, Em= 520-560 nm) with a pK value of 6.7. Flubi-2 is a hydrolysis product of Flubida-2 (non-fluorescent, membrane permeable). Flubi-2 can be used for pH determination of organelles of the secretory pathway (such as golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum) in living cells [1] .
Chromoionophore I (ETH 5294) is a hydrophobic pH indicator. Chromoionophore I is used as a transmissive or fluorescent probe molecule in many types of hydrophobic sensor membranes. Chromoionophore I is oil-soluble [1].
Pyranine (HPTS; Solvent Green 7) is a pH-sensitive fluorescent indicator. Pyranine acts as a class of fluorescent chemosensor for the Cu + ion(λex=450 nm, λem=510 nm) [1] .
Alizarine Yellow R (Mordant orange 1), a salicylic acid derivative, is a azo dye. Alizarine Yellow R is mostly used as a pH indicator, as a biological stain in chemical examinations and also in dyeing industries [1].
DBCO-Cy3 (DBCO-Sulfo-Cy3) is the derivative of Cyanine3 fluorophore, a pH insensitive from pH (4-10) orange fluorescent dyewith excitation maximum 555 nm and emission maximum of 580nm. DBCO-Cy3 has fast reaction kinetics and good stability, and is productive to use in many standard fluorescent instrumentations. DBCO-Cy3 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Bromocresol green sodium is an anionic dye. Bromocresol green sodium can be used for pH indication and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. Bromocresol green sodium is also used in mammalian albumin measurement. Bromocresol green sodium deprotonates and produces the monoanionic form of yellow colour at lower pH (acidic condition), and produces dianionic blue colour at the basic condition [1].
9-Amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine is a pH sensitive fluorescent probe. 9-Amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine has been frequently used to measure changes in vacuolar pH when a specific substrate crosses the tonoplast through a putative H +/solute antiport system [1].
1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene is a cell-permeable fluorescent probe. 1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene crosses the cell membrane and is cleaved by cytosolic esterases to the fluorescent pH indicator 2,3-dicyano-hydroquinone (DCH). 1,4-Diacetoxy-2,3-dicyanobenzene can be used to monitor intracellular pH[1].
BODIPY R6G methyl ester (compound 5′-1) is a BODIPY-like fluorescent dye with good light stability and insensitive to pH value. BODIPY R6G methyl ester shows good photostability, high sensitivity and insensitive to pH value. BODIPY R6G methyl ester can be used in research areas such as photodynamic research, PH probes, ion recognition, photocatalysis, protein labeling, cell imaging, and proteomic analysis [1].
Pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium is a fluorescent dye and pH indicator, also as a ligand of multifunctional metal-organic framework. Pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium has been used to detect CO2 release [1] .
9-Aminoacridine, a fluorescent probe, acts as an indicator of pH for quantitative determination of transmembrane pH gradients (inside acidic). 9-Aminoacridine is an antimicrobial. 9-Aminoacridine exerts its antimicrobial activity by interacting with specific bacterial DNA and disrupting the proton motive force in K. pneumoniae. 9-Aminoacridine is a HIV-1 inhibitor and inhibits HIV LTR transcription highly dependent on the presence and location of the amino moiety. 9-Aminoacridine inhibits virus replication in HIV-1 infected cell lines. 9-Aminoacridine is used as a Rifampin (RIF; HY-B0272) adjuvant for the multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections [1] .
PDMPO, a lysosome pH indicator, is an excellent fluorescent acidotropic reagent for fluorescence imaging. PDMPO is a potent tool with which to study acidic organelles of live cells. PDMPO exhibits pH-dependent dual-excitation and dual-emission spectral peaks. PDMPO produces a blue fluorescence in weakly acidic organelles and shifts to yellow in more acidic lysosomes (Abs=329 nm; Em=440 nm) [1].
INSA is a a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe. INSA can simultaneously light up mitochondria (red emission) and lysosomes (green emission) for their internal pH differences [1].
DHPDS disodium salt is a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye. DHPDS disodium salt is used to measure intracellular pH (pHi) from the surface fluorescence of the isolated perfused rat liver [1].
BCECF is a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye. BCECF allows measurements in the physiological pH range 6.0–8.0. Excitation ratio: 490/440 nm; Emission intensity: 535 nm.
CQ-Lyso is a lysosome-targeting chromenoquinoline. CQ-Lyso is a fluorescent probe for measuring the pH of lysosomes in living cells using only single wavelength excitation. CQ-Lyso can visualize the dynamic pH changes in lysosomes [1].
TFAX 568, SE is an orange fluorescent dye and exhibits pH-insensitivity over a very broad range (pH in the 4-10). TFAX 568, SE yields exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates with proteins or antibodies (such as goat anti-mouse IgG) [1].
4-(4-Nitrophenylazo)resorcinol is an azo purple dye used experimentally as a pH indicator, showing yellow when the pH value is lower than 11 and purple when the pH value is higher than 13. In slightly alkaline or alkaline environments, it also turns dark blue in the presence of magnesium salts. Azo Violet can also be used to test for the presence of ammonium ions. The color of the ammonium chloride or ammonium hydroxide solution will change depending on the concentration of azo violet used.
TFAX 594,SE is a red fluorescent dye and exhibits pH-insensitivity over a very broad range (pH in the 4-10). TFAX 594,SE yields exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates with proteins or antibodies (such as goat anti-mouse IgG) [1].
TFAX 488,TFP is a green fluorescent dye and exhibits pH-insensitivity over a very broad range (pH in the 4-10). TFAX 488,TFP yields exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates with proteins or antibodies (such as goat anti-mouse IgG, streptavidin) [1].
TFAX 488,SE dilithium is a green fluorescent dye and exhibits pH-insensitivity over a very broad range (pH in the 4-10). TFAX 488,SE dilithium yields exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates with proteins or antibodies (such as goat anti-mouse IgG, streptavidin) [1].
Cy5 Tetrazine is a water-soluble, pH-insensitive from pH 4 to pH 10, far-red-fluorescent probe with excitation ideally suited for the 633 nm or 647 nm laser lines. Its absorption and emission spactra are almost identical to those of Alexa Fluor 647, CF 647 Dye, or any other Cyanine5 based fluorescent dyes. Sulfo-Cy5-tetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 carboxylic acidCI Pigment violet 32 is a water-soluble, far-red emitting fluorophore. Due to its four sulfo groups, this dye has a negative charge at neutralpH and is very hydrophilic. As a cyanine dye, sulfo-Cyanine5.5 shows a very low dependence of fluorescence on pH and a very high extinction coefficient.
Neutral Red, a nitrogenous pH-indicator with a pKi of 6.8, is an indicator for the internal acidification of thylakoids. Neutral Red stains lysosomes red [1].
DOPE-CF is a pH-sensitive fluorescent membrane labelled probe with a fluorescein moiety that is a weak acid and a conjugated base that is highly fluorescent and can be attached to phospholipid ethanolamine lipids [1].
MAOS is a modified Trinder’s reagent that can be used as a chromogenic probe for the determination of H2O2. MAOS is strongly dependent on the pH of the reaction medium [1].
5-TAMRA (5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine), SE and its conjugates yield bright, pH-insensitive orange-red fluorescence (approximate excitation/emission maxima ~546/579) with good photostability.
Pararosaniline hydrochloride is a pH-responsive basic dye, as a biological stain to track certain proteins. Pararosaniline hydrochloride has been used in the analysis of SO2 and formaldehyde and staining of bacteria or other organisms [1] .
7-Hydroxycoumarin-4-acetic acid, a pH-indicator dye, is covalently bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) at the positions of reactive amino groups (λmax=326 nm) [1].
5-TAMRA-SE is an amine-reactive fluorescent agent, its conjugates yield bright, pH-insensitive orange-red fluorescence (approximate excitation/emission maxima ~546/579) with good photostability.
7-Hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid, SE is a blue fluorophore that has pH-dependent and environment-sensitive fluorescence. It is widely used for preparing bioconjugates of blue fluorescence.
Chromoionophore XIII (SNARF-DE) is a pH senor that enables excitation with red light. Chromoionophore XIII functionality renders the indicator molecule lipophilic and water-insoluble but also prevents lactonization of the dye in an apolar environment [1].
5-DTAF is a isomeric fluorescein derivative that directly react with polysaccharides and other alcohols in aqueous solution at pH ＞ 9. The maximum of the 5-DTAF emission profile is at a wavelength of 518 nm after excitation at 488 nm [1].
BODIPY TMR-X alkyne, an orange-fluorescent dye, is an alkyne modified BODIPY TMR-X. BODIPY TMR-X alkyne can react with azides by the copper-catalyzed click reaction. BODIPY TMR-X alkyne is not sensitive to pH.
Acridine Orange base is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye that stains organisms (bacteria, parasites, viruses, etc.) bright orange and, when used under appropriate conditions (pH=3.5, Ex=460 nm), distinguishes human cells in green for detection by fluorescence microscopy. Acridine Orange base fluoresces green when bound to dsDNA (Ex=488, Em=520-524) and red when bound to ssDNA (Ex=457, Em=630-644) or ssRNA (Ex=457, Em=630-644), also can be used in cell cycle assays [1] .
o-Pah is a BODIPY derivative with an -NH2 and -OH substituted meso-Ph group. o-Pah exhibits metal-induced J-aggregation in the presence of Cu 2+ and a specific fluorescence enhancement for Hg 2+ (Ex/Em=483/(495-600) nM) [1].
HKOCl-4 (BXY2142) is a rhodol-based yellow fluorescent probe for the detection of hypochlorous acid with excellent sensitivity and selectivity [1]. HKOCl-4 has longer absorption wavelength and better pH stability compared with fluorescein-based probes. Ex: 530 nm; Em 557 nm.
BODIPY FL-X,SE is a fluorescent greendye for the labeling of amine, shows a high fluorescence quantum yield and is relatively insensitive to pH change. BODIPY FL-X,SE can be used as an alternative for FAM, Cy2 or FITC. λabs: 504 nm; λem:510 nm [1].
BODIPY FL-X is a green-fluorescent dye. BODIPY FL-X has the succinimidyl ester covalently coupled to proteins. BODIPY FL-X has high fluorescence quantum yield and is relatively insensitive to pH change. (λex=504 nm, λem=510 nm) [1] .
Thymolphthalein monophosphate disodium hydrate is a chromogenic substrate for the determination of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Thymolphthalein is released during the reaction, increases the pH of the medium for easy detection, produces color and stops hydrolysis. Thymolphthalein monophosphate disodium hydrate can be used for the specific detection of prostatic phosphatase in serum [1] .
BDP 581/591 maleimide is a linker of the BDP 581/591 dye. It has a long fluorescence lifetime and can be used for fluorescence polarization assays. The maleimide group can react with thiol groups to form thioester bonds between pH 6.5 to 7.5, for the labeling of sulfhydryl groups of proteins and peptides.
PNE-Lyso is a activatable fluorescent probe. PNE-Lyso can be used to detect intracellular pH and hexosaminidases with two kinds of fluorescence signals. PNE-Lyso can be used to distinguish apoptosis from necrosis through visualizing lysosome morphology. PNE-Lyso is capable of investigating the agent-induced cell death process [1].
5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein (5(6)-FAM) is an amine-reactive pH-sensitive green fluorescent probe. 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein (5(6)-FAM) can be used to label proteins, peptides and nucleotides. 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein can be used for the detection of tumour areas in vivo [1] .
HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture) is a O2 fluorescent probe for mitochondria-targeting (Ex/Em=509/534nm; green), exhibiting excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward O2 over a broad range of pH, strong oxidants, and abundant reductants found in cells [1].
HKSOX-1m (5/6-mixture) hydrobromide is a O2 fluorescent probe for mitochondria-targeting (Ex/Em=509/534nm; green), exhibiting excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward O2 over a broad range of pH, strong oxidants, and abundant reductants found in cells [1].
Flubida-2 is a cell permeable dye which can be hydrolyzed to Fubi-2 by endoesterases in cells (after hydrolysis, Ex=492 nm, Em=517 nm). Flubida-2 can be used to detect pH at a specific site in a cell organelle by directing the probe to where avidin fusion proteins are located [1].
Sulfo-Cy5-Methyltetrazine is a click chemistry reagent containing a methyltetrazine group. Sulfo-Cy5-Methyltetrazine acts as a fluorophore linker for trans-cyclooctene-based labeling. Sulfo-Cy5-Methyltetrazine shows good stability at physiological pH and is also highly reactive towards cyclooctene.
Sulfo-Cy3-Methyltetrazine (figure 7 compound 5) is a click chemistry reagent containing methyltetrazine and a water-soluble dye. Sulfo-Cy3-Methyltetrazine shows good stability at physiological pH. Sulfo-Cy3-Methyltetrazine can be coupled to trans-cyclooctene and is also highly reactive towards cyclooctene [1].
BODIPY 540 (purity>98%) is a BODIPY dye.BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong UV absorption ability.Its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, its quantum yield is high, and it is relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH value of the environment.BODIPY 540 (purity>98%) has a purity higher than 98% and is suitable for cell experiments [1].
Fast Green FCF is a sea green triarylmethane food dye, with absorption maximum ranging from 622 to 626 nm. Fast Green FCF is widely used as a staining agent like quantitative stain for histones at alkaline pH after acid extraction of DNA, and as a protein stain in electrophoresis. Fast Green FCF is carcinogenic and acts as a presynaptic locus by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters in the nervous system [1].
Copper Fluor-4 (CF4) is a Cu +-specific fluorescent probe based on a rhodol dye scaffold. Copper Fluor-4 has high copper selectivity, particularly over zinc and iron, as well as abundant cellular alkali and alkaline earth metals. Copper Fluor-4 is stable in a physiologically relevant pH regime between 6 and 8 (Ex: 488 nm) [1].
Hoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33342 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 34580 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst S 769121 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
HOE-S 785026 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
HOE 32021 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
meta-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33258 analog is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
ortho-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33342 analog is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
HOE 32020 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
para-iodoHoechst 33258 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33342 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
HOE-S 785026 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 34580 tetrahydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33258 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
HOE 33187 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33258 analog 2 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33258 analog 3 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33258 analog 5 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33342 analog 2 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33258 analog 6 is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
Hoechst 33342 analog 2 trihydrochloride is a marker dye in Hoechst series. Hoechst is A live nuclear marker dye. Hoechst binds to the grooves in the DNA double strand, which tends to be A/ T-rich DNA strand. Although it binds to all nucleic acids, the A/ T-rich double strand DNA significantly enhances fluorescence intensity Therefore,Hoechst dye can be used for living cell labeling. The fluorescence intensity of Hoechst dye increases with the increase of pH of solution [1].
AMC-GlcNAc (compound 1) is a potent fluorogenic probe for detection and characterization of β-hexosaminidase enzyme activity. AMC-GlcNAc enables continuous monitoring by turn-on fluorescence and fluorescence signal is constant over a wide pH range (Ex=325 nm, Em=390 nm). AMC-GlcNAc enables ratiometric fluorescence detection with high sensitivity and low background, which can be used to screen for recombinant dispersin B activity in E. coli cell lysate [1].
BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions [1]. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells .
BODIPY505/515 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells [1]. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 505/515 nm [1].
BODIPYFL C12 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells [1]. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 480/508 nm [1].
BODIPY493/503 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells [1]. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 493/503 nm [1].
BODIPY 558/568 C12 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells [1]. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 558/568 nm [1].
BODIPY493/503 methyl bromide is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells [1]. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 493/503 nm [1].
BODIPY 500/510 C1, C12 is a BODIPY dye. BODIPY dye is a small molecule dye with strong ultraviolet absorption ability, its fluorescence peak is relatively sharp, and the quantum yield is high. They are relatively insensitive to the polarity and pH of the environment and are relatively stable under different physiological conditions. Due to its structural asymmetry, BODIPY derives a variety of structural products. BODIPY lipid droplet dyes can well pass through the cell membrane into the cell, and localize the polar lipids in the cell to specifically stain the lipid droplets, which can be used for labeling of live cells and fixed cells [1]. Maximum excitation/emission wavelength: 500/510 nm [1]. Protect from light, stored at -20℃.
FG 488 DHPE is a lipid-coupled fluorochrome, has be used as a fluorophore Oregon Green 488. FG 488 DHPE monitors acidification of lipid vesicles with λex/λem=508/534 nm.FG 488 DHPE is also used for Hv1-induced proton translocation quantificatio with λex/λem=508/534 nm as well [1] .
Sodium citrate buffer, 0.1M, pH 4.0, is a commonly used buffer with main components are citric acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.1M, pH 4.0 is used in heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER) methods to reverse the loss of antigenicity that occurs with some epitopes in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.1M, pH 4.0 is the preferred solution for most antibodies [1]. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.1M, pH 4.0 is used in the hydration of liposome film .
Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 5.0, is a commonly used buffer with main components are citric acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 5.0 is used in heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER) methods to reverse the loss of antigenicity that occurs with some epitopes in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 5.0 is the preferred solution for most antibodies [1]. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 5.0 is used as solution for captisol in animal tumor models .
Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 5.5, is a commonly used buffer with main components are citric acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate. Sodium citrate buffer 0.5M pH 5.5 is used in heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER) methods to reverse the loss of antigenicity that occurs with some epitopes in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Sodium citrate buffer 0.5M pH 5.5 is the preferred solution for most antibodies. [1].
Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 6.5, is a commonly used buffer with main components are citric acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 6.5 is used in heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER) methods to reverse the loss of antigenicity that occurs with some epitopes in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 6.5 is the preferred solution for most antibodies [1].
Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 6.0, is a commonly used buffer with main components are citric acid and sodium hydrogen phosphate. Sodium citrate buffer, 0.5M, pH 6.0 is used for RNA isolation and antigens detection in fixed tissue [1].
Thymolphthalein is an electrochemically active dye due to the presence of thymol fragments. Thymolphthalein is a Phthalein dye used as an acid-base indicator. It is colourless in acid pH and is blue in basic pH[1].
Sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.9 0.02 mol/l) is a water-based salt solution. Sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.9 0.02 mol/l) can be used in a variety of biochemical studies.
Ammonium chloride, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC (Salmiac, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC) can be used as a heteropolar compound to regulate pH value, which can cause intracellular alkalination and metabolic acidosis, thus affecting the activity of enzymes and affecting the process of biological systems. Ammonium chloride acts as an autophagy inhibitor.
POPSO sesquisodium is a water-soluble zwitterionic buffer. POPSO sesquisodium is commonly used in biological and biochemical studies to maintain the acidity or alkalinity (pH value) of solutions, especially within the physiological pH range of 7.0 to 8.5 [1].
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Potassium phosphate monobasic), meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., NF, E340 is used as a buffer capacity reagent in molecular biology, biochemistry, and chromatography. For the preparation of biological buffers. It is also used to purify antibodies, and in combination with other sodium phosphates, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., NF, E340 [1].
PIPES (1,4-Piperazinediethanesulfonic acid) monosodium is a pH buffer that can be mixed with another disodium salt form of PIPES. By changing the ratio and total amount of the PIPES monosodium and disodium buffers, the pH and ionic strength of the medium can be changed [1].
m-Cresol purple sodium (Metacresol purple sodium) is a pH indicator. m-Cresol purple sodium solution from yellow to blue in the pH range from 7.5 to 9.0 [1].
Sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP is an inorganic salt that can be used for life science related research [1].
Sodium sulfate anhydrous, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP, an inorganic salt, is a biochemical reagent that can be used for life science related research.
Sodium chloride, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP, ≤0.00002% Al, an inorganic salt, is a biochemical reagent that can be used for life science related research.
MOPSO is a biological zwitterionic buffer with the useful pH range from 6.2 to 7.6. MOPSO has been employed as a buffer component of charcoal yeast extract medium [1].
alpha-Naphtholphthalein is an indicator that is light yellow at pH 6 and gradually shows a clear color change with increasing pH to light green-green-blue. alpha-Naphtholphthalein can be impregnated into cotton-blend fabrics and used to develop medical supplies for wound pH monitoring, such as medical gauze, hospital gowns and compression bandages [1].
Sodium sulfate anhydrous (Disodium sulfate), can be widely used as a desiccant, pH regulator, etc. in biochemical experiments. It is a reference standard grade of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), pharmaceutical primary standard.
Ammonium chloride United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard (Salmiac, Pharmaceutical primary standard, USP) is a reagent that can be used in cell culture to provide a source of nitrogen. Ammonium chloride can be used as a heteropolar compound to regulate pH value, which can cause intracellular alkalination and metabolic acidosis, thus affecting the activity of enzymes and affecting the process of biological systems. Ammonium chloride acts as an autophagy inhibitor.
Sodium acetate trihydrate, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur. BP USP FCC E262, ≤0.00002% Al is an inorganic salt that can be used for life science related research [1].
HEPPSO is a zwitterionic buffer. The working pH range of HEPPSO buffer is 7.1-8.5. HEPPSO displays relatively high ability to bind copper(II), has a pKa of 7.84 at 2.0 mM buffer concentration [1] .
TAPSO is a common biological buffer, a pH stabilization reagent, with effective pH ranging from 7-8, and pKa values ranging from 7.5–9.0. TAPSO contains Tris groups and exhibits quite reactive activity with zwitterionic glycine peptides [1].
HEPES sodium, a nonvolatile zwitterionic chemical buffering agent, is broadly applied in cell culture. HEPES sodium is effective at pH 6.8 to 8.2. HEPES sodium is also a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis [1] .
DOPE-mPEG, MW 2000 is a phospholipid polydisperse PEG (or DOPE liposome), can be used for preparation of targeted delivery of liposomal drug and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). DOPE-mPEG, MW 2000 significantly reduces the pH-sensitivity of the liposome in a concentration dependent manner [1] .
DIPSO is a biological zwitterionic buffer with the useful pH range from 7.0 to 8.2. DIPSO can interfere meiotic regulation in mouse oocytes. DIPSO also has surfactant activity at 10 mM [1] .
α-Naphtholbenzein (p-Naphtolbenzein) is a dye. α-Naphtholbenzein can be used as a pH indicator. α-Naphtholbenzein has a visual transition from yellow (pH0-8.2) to turquoise (pH10). α-Naphtholbenzein is often used during sequential injection analysis technique done for acid-base titrations [1].
Bromophenol blue sodium is a pH indicator. It changes from yellow at pH 3.0 to blue at pH 4.6. Bromophenol blue sodium is also used as a tracking dye to monitor the process of agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [1] .
Bromocresol green is a pH-sensitive triphenylmethane dye commonly used for the determination of protein and albumin in serum. Bromocresol green is a bio-based dye with a yellow-green to blue-green color. Bromocresol green turns yellow (λmax=435 nm, protonated form) when placed in acidic solution (e.g. pH=4.15), and turns blue in basic solution (λmax=615 nm, deprotonated form). Bromocresol green is widely used as a pH indicator in the field of biochemical analysis. In addition, Bromocresol green is also used to detect the concentration of molecules such as creatinine, and to judge the viability of cells [1] .
Tropaeolin O is an acidic monoazo dye that undergoes a coupling reaction under pH=10.5 conditions to form a blue disazo dye. Tropaeolin O can be used for the determination of palladium(II), osmium(IV), albumin, and casein [1].
PIPES sesquisodium is a pH buffer. PIPES refers to Piperazine N-N’-bis [2 ethanol sulphonic acid, an organic based buffer. PIPES can be used in the preparation of a variety of marine and mammalian tissues for electron microscopic study, with pH range of 6.1-7.5 [1].
MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulphonic acid) sodium salt is a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. MES sodium salt is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 5.5-7.0. MES sodium salt is broadly used to regulate pH value for plants culture medium, reagent solution, and physiological experiments [1] .
MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulphonic acid) is a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. MES is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 5.5-7.0. MES is broadly used to regulate pH value for plants culture medium, reagent solution, and physiological experiments [1] .
MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulphonic acid) monohydrate is a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. MES monohydrate is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 5.5-7.0. MES monohydrate is broadly used to regulate pH value for plants culture medium, reagent solution, and physiological experiments [1] .
MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulphonic acid) potassium is a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. MES potassium is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 5.5-7.0. MES potassium is broadly used to regulate pH value for plants culture medium, reagent solution, and physiological experiments [1] .
Chlorophosphonazo III is a sensitive reagent for both calcium and magnesium. It is possible to determine calcium alone at pH 2.2 and calcium and magnesium at pH 7.0. Chlorophosphonazo III can also be used for the spectrophotometric determination of titanium, zirconium, thorium, and scandium, quinquevalent actinide elements, and protactinium [1].
MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulphonic acid) hydrate is a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. MES hydrate is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 5.5-7.0. MES hydrate is broadly used to regulate pH value for plants culture medium, reagent solution, and physiological experiments [1] .
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (Epsom salts) is currently the anticonvulsant of choice for the prevention and control of eclamptic fits. Magnesium sulfate is also widely used as a tocolytic agent [1] .
alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase (Phα2,3SiaT) is a beta-galactoside. alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase (Phα2,3SiaT) catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid to carbohydrate groups of glycoproteins and glycolipids [1].
THAM hydrochloride (reagent grade), also known as Tris-HCl, is a buffer commonly used in various biochemical and molecular biology applications to maintain a stable pH environment. Tris-HCl has unique chemical properties that allow it to resist changes in pH when acidic or basic substances are added, which makes it useful for stabilizing biological samples or reagents. It is commonly used in electrophoresis and protein purification procedures.
Sodium phosphate dibasic is commonly used as a food additive, buffer and laboratory reagent. Sodium phosphate dibasic has unique chemical properties that make it an important ingredient in the manufacture of fertilizers, detergents and water treatment products. Additionally, it is used in various medical applications such as osmotic laxatives and electrolyte replacement solutions [1] .
HEPBS is a zwitterionic buffering agent with a pH range (7.6-9.0) similar to that of biological systems. HEPBS can be used in the culture of cells [1].
Subtilisin, or rubinase, is a bacterial serine protease. Subtilisin can be used as a detergent additive with thermal stability, pH tolerance, and calcium dependent stability [1] .
(Rac)-1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-d72 is deuterium labeled (Rac)-1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes. 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-ph
BES sodium is a secondary standard biochemical buffer with effective pH range of 6.4 to 7.8 (pKa: 7.15 at 20 ℃). BES sodium is used in the diagnostic testing area.
Tris Buffered Saline is a common buffer reagent in molecular biology, consisting of Tris and NaCl. Tris Buffered Saline can adjust pH and ionic strength and is widely used in DNA/RNA extraction, PCR and protein electrophoresis. Tris Buffered Saline can purify and protect nucleic acid materials and improve reaction efficiency and concentration. In protein electrophoresis, Tris Buffered Saline stabilizes gels and maintains pH. Overall, Tris Buffered Saline offers versatility, good solubility, and low toxicity in molecular biology applications.
Anhydrous sodium dihydrogen phosphate, meets USP testing specifications is an inorganic salt. It is a chemical compound of sodium with a phosphate counter ion. Anhydrous sodium dihydrogen phosphate, meets USP testing specifications can be used as a pH buffer with other sodium phosphates [1].
Rose-Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar is a selective medium for the enumeration of yeasts and moulds from a wide variety of foodstuffs. The medium has a neutralpH and chloramphenicol is used as a selective agent to suppress the growth of bacteria [1].
HEPES, a nonvolatile zwitterionic chemical buffering agent, is broadly applied in cell culture. HEPES is effective at pH 6.8 to 8.2. HEPES is also a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis [1] .
Bromophenol blue indicator (3.0-4.6) is a synthetic dye commonly used as an acid-base indicator with a transition range of pH 3.0-4.6. Bromophenol blue indicator (3.0-4.6) is water soluble and changes color from yellow to blue as the pH of the solution changes from acidic to basic. Its unique chemical properties make it an important ingredient in a variety of scientific applications, especially in biochemistry and molecular biology. In addition, it can be used as a stain in microbiology and histology. However, Bromophenol blue indicator (3.0-4.6) has potential irritating and staining properties.
Tricine is widely used as a buffer in protein electrophoresis, nucleic acid analysis, and immunology, which can help adjust pH and stabilize chemical reactions. In addition, the compound can also be used in research in certain medical fields, such as in antibody detection and drug screening.
HEPPS (EPPS) is a buffering agent with the useful pH range from 7.3 ~ 8.7. HEPPS reduces Aβ-aggregate-induced memory deficits and rescues cognitive deficits in mice. EPPS is orally active and penetrates the blood-brain barrier [1].
TAPS is a biological buffer, remain lysozyme native structure intact and prevents thermal denaturation against high temperatures. TAPS exhibits pKa value of 8.1, while the half-maximum values of connexin channel activity is 8.5 (pH) [1] .
1-Dodecylimidazole (N-Dodecylimidazole) is a lysosomotropic detergent and a cytotoxic agent. 1-Dodecylimidazole causes cell death by its acid-dependent accumulation in lysosomes, disruption of the lysosomal membrane, and releaseof cysteine proteases into the cytoplasm. 1-Dodecylimidazole has hypocholesterolaemic activity and broad-spectrum antifungal activity [1] .
Dioctadecylamine (DODA) is a secondary amine that has been shown to self-organize in plate-like structures in aqueous solution. Dioctadecylamine exhibits sufficiently hydrophobic properties of nanoparticles and good dispersibility in nonpolar solvent. Dioctadecylamine does not form a monolayer above pH 3.9 [1] .
EGTA is a specific calcium ion chelator. EGTA has an apparent calcium dissociation constant (Kd) of 60.5 nM at physiological pH (7.4) and has very high specificity for Ca 2+ over Mg 2+ (Mg 2+ Kd1-10 mM). EGTA significantly inhibits the substrate adherence capacity of inflammatory macrophages [1] .
POPSO is a zwitterionic buffer, increases osmolality and shows marked inhibition of anion uniport. POPSO inhibits chloride uniport with an IC50 value of 24 mM. POPSO enhances copper uptake and toxicity in alga, impairs mitochondrial inner membrane. The working pH range of POPSO sesquisodium salt is 7.2-8.5 [1] .
Proteinase K (Protease K) is a nonspecific serine protease that is useful for general digestion of proteins. Proteinase K is active in the presence of SDS or urea and over a wide range of pH (4-12), salt concentrations, and temperatures. Proteinase K can be use for promoting methods of viral nucleic acid extraction, and detection [1] .
Ammonium chloride, for molecular biology (Salmiac, for molecular biology) is ammonium chloride that can be used for molecular biology research. Ammonium chloride can be used as a heteropolar compound to regulate pH value, which can cause intracellular alkalination and metabolic acidosis, thus affecting the activity of enzymes and affecting the process of biological systems. Ammonium chloride acts as an autophagy inhibitor.
EGTA tetrasodium is a specific calcium ion chelator. EGTA tetrasodium has an apparent calcium dissociation constant (Kd) of 60.5 nM at physiological pH (7.4) and has very high specificity for Ca 2+ over Mg 2+ (Mg 2+ Kd1-10 mM). EGTA tetrasodium significantly inhibits the substrate adherence capacity of inflammatory macrophages [1] .
Ammonium chloride, for cell culture (Salmiac, for cell culture) is a reagent that can be used in cell culture to provide a source of nitrogen. Ammonium chloride can be used as a heteropolar compound to regulate pH value, which can cause intracellular alkalination and metabolic acidosis, thus affecting the activity of enzymes and affecting the process of biological systems. Ammonium chloride acts as an autophagy inhibitor.
YSK 05 is a pH-sensitive cationic lipid. YSK 05 improves the intracellular trafficking of non-viral vectors. YSK 05-MEND shows significantly good gene silencing activity and hemolytic activity. YSK 05 overcomes the suppression of endosomal escape by PEGylation. YSK 05 effectively enhances siRNA delivery both in vitro and in vivo[1].
Disodium terephthalate belongs to the class of organic salts. It is commonly used as a catalyst or intermediate in the production of a variety of industrial and consumer products, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, polyester fibers and films. Disodium terephthalate has excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance and mechanical properties, making it ideal for high performance applications. Additionally, it is non-toxic, non-flammable and environmentally friendly, making it an attractive alternative to other petroleum-based chemicals. In the food and pharmaceutical industries, Disodium terephthalate is used as a pH regulator and buffer. It is generally considered safe for use in food and pharmaceutical applications by regulatory agencies such as the FDA.
NDSB-201 consists of a pyridine group attached to a propane chain, which in turn is attached to a sulfonate group. This compound is commonly used as a buffer in biochemical and biological research, especially in electrophoretic applications. It maintains a stable pH in aqueous solutions and has low UV absorption, making it suitable for use in the UV spectrum. Furthermore, due to its ability to form stable complexes with DNA and other biomolecules, 3-(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)propane-1-sulfonate has been investigated for its potential in drug delivery and genetic research.
N-stearoylglycine is a lipid and has a small ionizable polar headgroup whose charge is pH dependent and whose amide moiety can form H-bonded network between adjacent molecules in ordered films [1].
MitTx-alpha is a subunit of MitTx. MitTx is a potent, persistent, and selective agonist for acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs). MitTx is highly selective for the ASIC1 subtype at neutralpH; under more acidic conditions (pH<6.5), MitTx massively potentiates (>100-fold) proton-evoked activation of ASIC2a channels [1].
Boc-GRR-AMC is a tri-peptide Substrate. Boc-GRR-AMC can be used for a fluorogenic West Nile virus (WNV) substrate, profiling the substrate specificity for the NS2B-NS3 proteases or determining the pH optimum of LdMC activity [1] .
Boc-GRR-AMC (TFA) is a tri-peptide Substrate. Boc-GRR-AMC can be used for a fluorogenic West Nile virus (WNV) substrate, profiling the substrate specificity for the NS2B-NS3 proteases or determining the pH optimum of LdMC activity [1] .
TCL1(10-24) is a encompassing the betaA strand of human TCL1. TCL1(10-24) is a Akt inhibitor. TCL1(10-24) interacts with the Akt PH domain prevented phosphoinositide binding and hence inhibits membrane translocation and activation of Akt. TCL1(10-24) inhibits cellular proliferation and anti-apoptosis. TCL1(10-24) has tumor growth in vivo [1].
Pyr-Phe-OH is an effective pyrene-based hydrogel. Pyr Phe OH can self-assemble into hydrogels in the range of pH=7.5-14.0, and also shows a very low gel concentration (0.037% (w/v)) in phosphate buffer [1].
GALA is a biological active peptide. (GALA, a pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide, is a promising method to accelerate this step in order to enhance the expression of the desired proteins.) [1]
GALA (TFA) is a biological active peptide (GALA, a pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide, is a promising method to accelerate this step in order to enhance the expression of the desired proteins.) [1].
N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP; N-Formyl-MLF) is a chemotactic peptide and a specific ligand of N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR). N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Ph is reported to inhibit TNF-alpha secretion.
KALA is an amphiphilic peptide that forms an α-helical structure at physiological pH. KALA modifies a plasmid DNA-encapsulating liposomal membrane and is used as a fusogenic peptide in order to achieve effective liver targeting and transfection of DNA via galactose receptors [1].
HSV-1 Protease substrate is a peptide substrate for HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1) protease, and the specificity constant (kcat/Km) at pH 7.5 for cleavage is 5.2 M -1 s -1[1].
Fmoc-Ala-Glu-Asn-Lys-NH2 is a selective asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) inhibitor peptide and suppresses amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage. AEP, a pH-controlled cysteine proteinase, is activated during ageing and mediates APP proteolytic processing [1].
(Asp28)-Glucagon (1-29) (human, rat, porcine) is an optimized structure of glucagon, the 28th position is replaced by aspartic acid (Asp) which significantly increases the aqueous solubility of glucagon in a physiological pH buffer, has the same activity as glucagon [1].
Bz-Ala-Arg is a dipeptide. Bz-Ala-Arg is also a spectrophotometric substrate (0.4 M pyridine formate, pH 4.25) of human pancreatic carboxypeptidase B and plasma carboxypeptidase N. Bz-Ala-Arg can be used to screen competitive inhibitors of these two enzymes [1].
π-TRTX-Hm3a is a 37-amino acid peptide isolated from Togo starburst tarantula (Heteroscodra maculata) venom. π-TRTX-Hm3a pH-dependently inhibits acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) with an IC50 of 1-2 nM and potentiates ASIC1b with an EC50 of 46.5 nM [1].
MitTx is a complex formed by MitTx-α and MitTx-β. MitTx is an ASIC1 channel activator with EC50 values of 9.4 and 23 nM for ASIC1a and ASIC1b isoforms, respectively. MitTx is highly selective for ASIC1 isoforms at neutralpH. Under acidic conditions, MitTx greatly enhances proton-evoked ASIC2a channel activation [1].
S-Thanatin is an insect antimicrobial peptide with potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. S-Thanatin can inhibit the activity of Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungi, without cytotoxicity. The antibacterial activity of S-Thanatin is not affected by PH value, but monovalent cations (Na +/K +) can reduce its antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria in a dose-dependent manner [1].
TAT-HA2 Fusion Peptide is a peptide-based delivery agent that combines the pH-sensitive HA2 fusion peptide from Influenza and the cell-penetrating peptide TAT from HIV. TAT-HA2 Fusion Peptide induces the cellular uptake of macromolecules into endosomes via the TAT moiety and to respond to the acidifying lumen of endosomes to cause membrane leakage and release of macromolecules into cells via the HA2 moiety [1].
K11 is an antimicrobial peptide. K11 is active against MDR/XDR K. pneumoniae isolates (MIC: 8-512 μg/mL), and inhibits bacterial biofilm formation. K11 can act synergistically with antibiotics (Chloramphenicol (HY-B0239), Meropenem (HY-13678), Rifampicin (HY-B0272), etc.) against drug-resistant K. pneumoniae. K11 has high thermal and wide pH stability [1].
HBpep-SA is a cell membrane-permeable peptide condensate that phase separates to form stable droplets at pH values below 6.5. HBpep-SA is able to directly and efficiently deliver a variety of macromolecules, ranging from therapeutic peptides as small as 726 Da to large enzymes as large as 430 kDa, and the loaded condensates remain stable under near-physiological and serum conditions until internalized by cells. HBpep-SA can be used for intracellular delivery of large numbers of macromolecules and as a vector for mRNA-based vaccines [1].
Empasiprubart (ARGX-117) a humanized inhibitory monoclonal antibody against complement C2. Empasiprubart prevents the formation of the C3 proconvertase and inhibits classical and lectin pathway activation upstream of C3 activation through binding to the Sushi-2 domain of C2. Empasiprubart exhibits pH- and calcium-dependent target binding. Empasiprubart prevents complement-mediated cytotoxicity in in vitro models for autoimmune hemolytic anemia and antibody-mediated rejection of organ transplants [1].
Nipocalimab (M281) is a fully human, recombinant, aglycosylated IgG1 monoclonal antibody. Nipocalimab is a human deglycosylated IgG1 anti-FcRn monoclonal antibody that binds with picomolar affinity to Fc receptor (FcRn) at both endosomal pH 6.0 and extracellular pH 7.6 [1] .
Crovalimab (SKY59; RO7112689) is a novel humanized antibody against C5 in a pH-dependent manner with KDs of 15.2 nM and 16.8 μM at pH 7.4 and 5.8, respectively. Crovalimab binds human FcRn with great affinity (KD: 17 μM at pH 6.0). Crovalimab can block cleavage of C5 by the C5 convertase and inhibite the activity of a C5 variant (p.Arg885His). Crovalimab inhibits C5b-9 formation significantly in all three complement pathways, the classical pathway (CP), lectin pathway (LP), and alternative pathway (AP). Crovalimab has the potential for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and complement-mediated diseases research [1] .
Ziv-aflibercept is a soluble inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Ziv-aflibercept is an adaptive variant of Aflibercept (HY-108801), Ziv-aflibercept has a low PH value and high osmotic pressure when compared to Aflibercept. Ziv-aflibercept has potential applications in metastatic colorectal carcinoma and retinal diseases [1] .
Diridavumab is a monoclonal anti-HA stalk antibody. Diridavumab stabilizes the prefusion HA structure and prevents pH-dependent fusion of cellular and viral membranes in endosomes. Diridavumab can be used in research of H2 influenza virus [1].
Apramycin (EBL 1003) is an orally active, acidic pH tolerant and aminoglycoside-modifying-enzymes-tolerant aminoglycoside antibiotic which inhibits protein biosynthesis by targeting the bacterial ribosome. Apramycin is a potential anti-drug-resistance antibiotic [1] .
L-Glyceric acid sodium is a mainly urinary metabolite accumulating in rare inherited metabolic disease L-glyceric aciduria. L-Glyceric acid sodium can be used to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). L-Glyceric acid sodium excretion to distinguish PH1 from PH2 [1] .
Isohomovanillic acid (3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylacetic acid) is extracted from urine at pH 2 by ethyl acetate. Isohomovanillic acid is not found in appreciable values in many normal human urines [1].
L-Glyceric acid is a mainly urinary metabolite accumulating in rare inherited metabolic disease L-glyceric aciduria. L-Glyceric acid can be used to diagnose primary hyperoxaluria type 2 (PH2). L-Glyceric acid excretion to distinguish PH1 from PH2 [1] .
Validamine competitively inhibits β-glucosidase in a pH-dependent and dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 2.92mM, and the maximum inhibitory ability is at the optimum pH value of this enzyme [1].
Monascorubramine is a microbial colorant. Monascorubramine is capable of producing by the Monascus, which is from the bacteria Talaromyces. Under the condition of different pH value, the hue and chromaticity value of the colorant are also different [1].
Acetoacetyl coenzyme A sodium is a central endogenous metabolite. The Km at pH 7.5 for Acetoacetyl coenzyme A sodium is 1.10 mM. Acetoacetyl coenzyme A sodium can be used for the synthesis of phosphotransbutyrylase (PTB) and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) [1] .
Alkaline phosphatase, Bovine intestine (Apase) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters at alkaline pH. Alkaline phosphatase can be used in molecular biology and enzyme-free analysis. Inhibition of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase can block intracellular lipid accumulation [1] .
PAA5 is a methide carbon-centered polynuclear Au(I) cluster. PAA5 can release Au(I) causing Pro-oxidant response and accelerated ferroptosis. PAA5 increases the expression of pH2AX in a time-dependent manner. PAA5 has anticancer activity [1].
Urdamycin A (Compound 3b) is an angucycline antibiotic that can be isolated from Streptomyces fradiae. Urdamycin A is an orange indicator with a change of the color to ultramarine blue at pH 7.7. Urdamycin A has anticancer activity with IC50s of 2.4 and 0.55 μg/mL in proliferation and stem cell assays, respectively [1].
AFMK, antioxidant metabolite of Melatonin, attenuates X-ray-induced oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids in mice. AFMK is a poorer scavenger. The pKa of AFMK at physiological pH is 8.7. Antioxidant capacity [1] . AFMK improves the anti-tumor effect of Gemcitabine in PANC-1 cells through the modulation of apoptotic pathway .
Mollugin is an orally active and potent NF-κB inhibitor. Mollugin induces S-phase arrest of HepG2 cells, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mollugin induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells, as well as an increase in the expression of p-H2AX. Mollugin shows anti-cancer effect by inhibiting TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Mollugin enhances the osteogenic action of BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2) via the p38-Smad signaling pathway [1] .
Guar gum is a versatile polymer for drug delivery applications. Guar gum diaplays thickening, emulsifying, binding and gelling properties, quick solubility in cold water, wide pH stability, film forming ability and biodegradability, it finds applications in large number of industries. Guar gum can be isolated from the powdered endosperm of the seeds of the Cyamopsis tetragonolobus. Guar gum can be used as an excipient, such as thickener, suspending agent. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs [1] .
KCSA Protein, a pH-gated potassium ion channel, uniquely opens in response to cytosolic pH changes, particularly from 7 to 4. This homotetrameric molecular gatekeeper facilitates pH-dependent passage of potassium ions. KCSA Protein, Streptomyces coelicolor (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant KCSA protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free, with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of KCSA Protein, Streptomyces coelicolor (Cell-Free, His) is 160 a.a., with molecular weight of 23.7 kDa.
MES-d13 is the deuterium labeled MES[1]. MES (2-Morpholinoethanesulphonic acid) is a buffering agent in biology and biochemistry. MES is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 5.5-7.0. MES is broadly used to regulate pH value for plants culture medium, reagent solution, and physiological experiments[2][3].
(Rac)-1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine-d72 is deuterium labeled (Rac)-1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes. 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-ph
MOPS-d15 is the deuterium labeled MOPS[1]. MOPS is commonly used as a buffering agent in biology. MOPS buffer can maintain the pH of mammalian cell culture media[2][3].
TES-d15 is the deuterium labeled TES[1]. TES is a buffering agent (pKa=7.550 at 25°C). TES is one of the Good's buffers, the buffer capacity ranging pH 6.8-8.2[2][3].
3-(Cyclohexylamino)-1-propanesulfonic Acid-d17 is the deuterium labeled CAPS[1]. CAPS, cyclohexylaminopropane sulfonic acid, is a surfactant. CAPS can be used as biological buffer (0.05 M, pH 11) for dialysis[2][3].
HEPES-d18 is the deuterium labeled HEPES[1]. HEPES, a nonvolatile zwitterionic chemical buffering agent, is broadly applied in cell culture. HEPES is effective at pH 6.8 to 8.2. HEPES is also a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis[2][3][4].
Diethyl succinate-d4 is the deuterium labeled Diethyl succinate[1]. Diethyl succinate (Diethyl Butanedioate) is used at physiological pH and crosses biological membranes, incorporates into cells in tissue culture and is metabolized by the TCA cycle. Diethyl succinate is known to be non-toxic and used in fragrances and flavoring[2].
Diethyl succinate- 13C4 is the 13C labeled Diethyl succinate[1]. Diethyl succinate (Diethyl Butanedioate) is used at physiological pH and crosses biological membranes, incorporates into cells in tissue culture and is metabolized by the TCA cycle. Diethyl succinate is known to be non-toxic and used in fragrances and flavoring[2].
9-Aminoacridine-13C6 is the 13C-labeled 9-Aminoacridine(HY-B1422). 9-Aminoacridine, a fluorescent probe, acts as an indicator of pH for quantitative determination of transmembrane pH gradients (inside acidic). 9-Aminoacridine is an antimicrobial. 9-Aminoacridine exerts its antimicrobial activity by interacting with specific bacterial DNA and disrupting the proton motive force in K. pneumoniae. 9-Aminoacridine is a HIV-1 inhibitor and inhibits HIV LTR transcription highly dependent on the presence and location of the amino moiety. 9-Aminoacridine inhibits virus replication in HIV-1 infected cell lines. 9-Aminoacridine is used as a Rifampin (RIF; HY-B0272) adjuvant for the multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae infections [1] .
Pantoprazole-d6 is deuterium labeled Pantoprazole. Pantoprazole (BY10232) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI)[1]. Pantoprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142)[3][4].
Pantoprazole-d3 is deuterium labeled Pantoprazole. Pantoprazole (BY10232) is an orally active and potent proton pump inhibitor (PPI)[1]. Pantoprazole, a substituted benzimidazole, is a potent H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 6.8 μM. Pantoprazole improves pH stability and has anti-secretory, anti-ulcer activities. Pantoprazole significantly increased tumor growth delay combined with Doxorubicin (HY-15142)[3][4].
Tetrazine-Ph-acid is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-NHS ester is an alkyl/ether-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-PEG5-Ph-tetrazine is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-PEG5-Ph-tetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-PEG4-Ph-aldehyde is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-PEG4-Ph-aldehyde is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
AZD-CO-C2-Ph-amido-Ph-azide is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. AZD-CO-C2-Ph-amido-Ph-azide is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Methyltetrazine-Ph-NHS ester is an alkyl/ether-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Methyltetrazine-Ph-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-OPSS is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-OPSS is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-SS-amine is a cleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-SS-amine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Methyltetrazine-Ph-PEG4-azide is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Methyltetrazine-Ph-PEG4-azide is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-PEG5-NHS ester is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-PEG5-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
N3-Ph-NHS ester is a noncleavable ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). N3-Ph-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG4-alkyne is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG4-alkyne is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG3-alcohol is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG3-alcohol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-C3-NHS ester is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-C3-NHS ester is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG6-NH-Boc is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG6-NH-Boc is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG4-NH-Boc is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Tetrazine-Ph-NHCO-PEG4-NH-Boc is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Ald-Ph-PEG4-bis-PEG4-propargyl is a cleavable 8 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1]. Ald-Ph-PEG4-bis-PEG4-propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Ald-Ph-PEG4-bis-PEG3-methyltetrazine is a cleavable 7 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1]. Ald-Ph-PEG4-bis-PEG3-methyltetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Ald-Ph-amido-C2-PEG3-azide is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs [1]. Ald-Ph-amido-C2-PEG3-azide is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Ald-Ph-amido-PEG4-propargyl is a non-cleavable 4 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1]. Ald-Ph-amido-PEG4-propargyl is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Ald-Ph-PEG4-bis-PEG3-N3 is a cleavable 6 unit PEG ADC linker used in the synthesis of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) [1]. Ald-Ph-PEG4-bis-PEG3-N3 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
DBCO-Cy3 (DBCO-Sulfo-Cy3) is the derivative of Cyanine3 fluorophore, a pH insensitive from pH (4-10) orange fluorescent dyewith excitation maximum 555 nm and emission maximum of 580nm. DBCO-Cy3 has fast reaction kinetics and good stability, and is productive to use in many standard fluorescent instrumentations. DBCO-Cy3 is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Alkyne-phenol (Alk-Ph) is a clickable ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APEX2) probe. Alkyne-phenol substantially improves APEX-labeling efficiency in intact yeast cells, as it is more cell wall-permeant than APEX2 substrate biotin-phenol (BP). Alkyne-phenol also facilitates the identification of APEX-labeling sites, allowing the unambiguous assignment of membrane topology of mitochondrial proteins [1]. Alkyne-phenol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
Cy5 Tetrazine is a water-soluble, pH-insensitive from pH 4 to pH 10, far-red-fluorescent probe with excitation ideally suited for the 633 nm or 647 nm laser lines. Its absorption and emission spactra are almost identical to those of Alexa Fluor 647, CF 647 Dye, or any other Cyanine5 based fluorescent dyes. Sulfo-Cy5-tetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
BODIPY TMR-X alkyne, an orange-fluorescent dye, is an alkyne modified BODIPY TMR-X. BODIPY TMR-X alkyne can react with azides by the copper-catalyzed click reaction. BODIPY TMR-X alkyne is not sensitive to pH.
Sulfo-Cy5-Methyltetrazine is a click chemistry reagent containing a methyltetrazine group. Sulfo-Cy5-Methyltetrazine acts as a fluorophore linker for trans-cyclooctene-based labeling. Sulfo-Cy5-Methyltetrazine shows good stability at physiological pH and is also highly reactive towards cyclooctene.
Sulfo-Cy3-Methyltetrazine (figure 7 compound 5) is a click chemistry reagent containing methyltetrazine and a water-soluble dye. Sulfo-Cy3-Methyltetrazine shows good stability at physiological pH. Sulfo-Cy3-Methyltetrazine can be coupled to trans-cyclooctene and is also highly reactive towards cyclooctene [1].
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